Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental TestingMiner, James Burt
Science
Deficiency and Delinquency: An Interpretation of Mental Testing
Miner, James Burt
Children with mental disabilities; Juvenile delinquents; Mentally ill offenders; Psychological tests
“Some of the institutions where only the brightest class of
imbeciles are received, and where the system of industrial training
has been very carefully carried out, report that from 20% to 30% of
the pupils are discharged as absolutely self-supporting. In other
words at other institutions, where the lower grade cases are
received, the percentage of cases so discharged is considerably
less. It is safe to say that not over 10% to 15% of our inmates can
be made self-supporting, in the sense of going out into the
community and securing and retaining a situation, and prudently
spending their earnings.... But it is safe to say that over 50% of
the adults of the higher grade who have been under training from
childhood are capable, under intelligent supervision, of doing a
sufficient amount of work to pay for the actual cost of their
support, whether in an institution or at home.”
The wages of the women at the Bedford Reformatory before entering
prostitution as given by Davis (_133_, p. 210) have a direct bearing on
the earning capacity of the higher grade feeble-minded. The Binet tests
of Bedford women by Weidensall indicate that about 38% of the successive
cases admitted to Bedford test in the lowest 0.5% intellectually, and
75% in the lowest 1.5% intellectually. Davis' table shows that for 110
whom she classes as mentally low grade cases at the reformatory, the
median wage of those in domestic service, as claimed by the women, was
nearly $4.50 before entering prostitution. These feeble-minded women, if
their statements of earnings can be accepted, are therefore
feeble-minded by reason of their low intelligence plus delinquency, and
not by reason of inability to earn the necessities of life. The best of
these mentally low grade cases earned as high as $5.00 in addition to
board and lodging in domestic service and $25.00 outside of domestic
service.
In this country we have fewer studies of the results of training the
mentally retarded in special local classes and schools. Miss Farrell has
made a preliminary report of 350 boys and girls out of the 600 children
formerly in the ungraded classes in New York City during the preceding 8
years (_102_). Omitting seven whose status was unknown and 10 who had
died, only 6% were known to have failed to survive socially with
assistance. These were in penal or other institutions. On the other hand
a strict analysis of her returns shows only 28% earning $5.00 a week or
more and thus possibly surviving independently. Of the above group of
333, 86 were at home, 192 employed, 31 unemployed and 3 married.
In Detroit among 100 children over 16 years of age who had attended its
special classes and been out of school not over 5 years, 27 had been
arrested, but 39 of the boys had been at work and received an average
wage of $7.00 per week, while 16 girls had averaged $3.75 in weekly
wages, although few held their positions long (_97_).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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