Definitions in Political Economy,: Preceded by an Inquiry Into the Rules which Ought to Guide Political Economists in the Definition and Use of Their Terms; with Remarks on the Deviation from These Rules in Their Writings — John Shaqi
Definitions in Political Economy,: Preceded by an Inquiry Into the Rules which Ought to Guide Political Economists in the Definition and Use of Their Terms; with Remarks on the Deviation from These Rules in Their WritingsMalthus, T. R. (Thomas Robert)
General
Definitions in Political Economy,: Preceded by an Inquiry Into the Rules which Ought to Guide Political Economists in the Definition and Use of Their Terms; with Remarks on the Deviation from These Rules in Their Writings
Malthus, T. R. (Thomas Robert)
Classical school of economics; Economics
Adhering to the rules which have been laid down, it will probably be
acknowledged that the term _real_, when applied to the means of
obtaining something in exchange, seems more naturally to imply the power
of commanding the necessaries, conveniencies, and luxuries of life, than
the power of commanding labour. A certain quantity of wealth is
something more _real_, if the word real be used in its most ordinary
sense, than a certain quantity of labour; and if, on this account, we
continue to apply the term real to wages, we must express by positive,
absolute, intrinsic, or natural, what Adam Smith has expressed by the
word real, as applied to value: or it would be still better if political
economists would agree in assigning a distinct meaning to the term
value, as contradistinguished from price, whenever the value of a
commodity is mentioned without mentioning any specific article in which
it is proposed to estimate it, in the same manner as the price of a
commodity is universally understood to mean price in money, whenever the
term is used without referring specifically to some other article.
If, however, it should be found that the term _real_, in the sense in
which it is first and most frequently applied by Adam Smith, has by
usage got such fast hold of this meaning, that it cannot easily be
displaced; and, further, if it be thought that an adjunct of this kind
to the term value will sometimes be wanted in explanations, and that to
express what Adam Smith means, the term real is preferable to either of
the terms intrinsic, positive, absolute, or natural, there would be
little objection to letting it retain its first meaning, provided we
took care not to use it in application to the wages of labour, as
implying the necessaries, conveniencies, and amusements of life. Instead
of _real_ wages, we must then say corn wages, commodity wages, wages in
the means of subsistence, or something of the kind. But the other change
is obviously more simple, and therefore in my opinion preferable.
CHAPTER IV.
APPLICATION OF THE TERM UTILITY BY M. SAY.
It would lead me too far and into too many repetitions, if I were to go
through the principal definitions of the continental political
economists, and examine the manner in which they have used their terms
in reference to the obvious rules above laid down; but I cannot resist
noticing one very signal deviation from them in the justly distinguished
work of M. Say. It relates to the term _utility_.
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