Then in 1940, D. Nichol Smith, no doubt having followed the suspicion he and W. P. Courtney expressed in 1915, and having available the proof unearthed by Dr. Powell, attributed both items to J. T. Callender in the _CBEL_ (II, 627), listing two editions of the _Deformities_ in 1782 and two of _A Critical Review_ in 1783. The British Museum _Catalogue_ also now credits the same Scotsman with both works. The information in Callender's letter to Stockdale, Anderson's identification, a fairly plausible reason that the _Deformities_ was so long attributed to John Callander, the similarity of the styles and contents of the two pamphlets, the parallel circumstances of publication, the virtual acknowledgement of the _Deformities_ in _A Critical Review_--all point to a safe conclusion that the two works were the creations of James Thomson Callender. Though students of Johnson have frequently noticed the bitter ridicule in the _Deformities_ and _A Critical Review_, they (since the author of the pamphlets was unknown) have seldom,[12] if ever, detailed Callender's turbulent career in America. Similarly, students of American history have studied Callender's attacks on early American statesmen; but they have been completely unaware, it seems, that the pamphleteer who wrote them began his career by making fun of Samuel Johnson. Now that the authorship of these two early productions has been established, a study of them provides details that illuminate the foreground of Callender's career in America. Likewise, of course, the particulars of his activities in America illuminate the background of his career in Great Britain. Near the conclusion of the _Deformities_, Callender relates the "circumstances which," as he says, "gave ... birth" to the work.