[159] _Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences_, 1889. [160] _Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences_, 1895. [161] _Lancet_, November 30, 1891. [162] _Neurologisches Centralblatt_, 1887. [163] _Chemistry of Common Life_, vol. ii. [164] _Lead Diseases_, American edition, 1848. [165] _Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases_, 1881. [166] _American Journal of Obstetrics_, October, 1882. [167] _Birmingham Medical Review_, January, 1887. [168] C. E. Paddock, of Chicago, cites very analogous cases. [169] _Variation of Plants and Animals under Domestication_, vol. i. p. 37. [170] Keane, _Ethnology_, p. 203. [171] _Lectures on Man_, 1868. [172] _Man and Woman_, chap. iv. [173] _Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences_, 1892, K. 18, vol. v. [174] _Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences_, 1892. [175] Boies, _Pauper and Prisoner_. [176] _New York Medical Journal_, vol. lxii. [177] _American Journal of Insanity_, 1887. [178] _La Pellagra._ [179] _Journal of the American Medical Association_, vol. xxii. [180] _Psychology of Childhood._ [181] _Journal American Medical Association_, vol. xxii. [182] _Alienist and Neurologist_, 1897. [183] _Illustrations of Insanity_, 1817. [184] _Pepper's System of Medicine_, vol. i. [185] _Journal of Mental Science_, 1886-87. [186] _Nervous Diseases of Children._ [187] _Diseases of the Stomach._ [188] _Embryology_, p. 465. [189] Virchow, _Gesam. Abhandlg., Wis. Med._, 1856. [190] _Report New York City Asylum for the Insane_, 1875. [191] Kiernan, _Alienist and Neurologist_, January, 1891. [192] _Annales Medico-Psychologiques_, 1849. [193] _Anthropology._ [194] _American Journal of Insanity_, July, 1895. [195] _Revista Sperimentale_, xxii. [196] _Human Embryology_, p. 468. [197] _American Naturalist_, 1883. [198] _Oral Deformities_, p. 480. [199] _Medicine_, September, 1897. [200] For cases see, _e.g._, Gould's _Anomalies_. [201] Bland Sutton, _Evolution and Disease_, p. 193. [202] _Osseous Deformities_, p. 398. [203] _Journal of Morphology_, vol. v. [204] _Arb. Zoolog. Institut_, Wurzburg, iii. [205] _The Amphioxus._ [206] _Sajous' Annual_, 1889. [207] _Sajous' Annual_, vol. iv., 1892. [208] _Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases_, 1878. [209] _La Famille Névropathique_, p. 156. [210] _Medicine_, May, 1898. [211] For further particulars, see "The Degenerate Ear," by Eugene S. Talbot, _Journal of The American Medical Association_, January 11, 1896. [212] Minot, _Embryology_. [213] Minot's _Embryology_. [214] _The Descent of Man_, p. 15. [215] Frigerio's measurements of the auriculo-temporal angle were taken with a specially devised instrument from the pinna to the mastoid. Buchanan's were apparently taken from the anterior edge of the mastoid to the helix, giving the angle of the external face of the whole ear. [216] See "Degenerate Jaws and Death," by Talbot, _Journal Am. Medical Association_, vol. xxvii. p. 134. [217] Osborn.