[218] Talbot, "Mouth breathing not the cause of contracted jaws and high vaults" (_Dental Cosmos_, 1891). [219] Per cent. [220] Féré, _La Famille Névropathique_, p. 158. [221] Ibid., _Nouv. Icon. de la Salpêtrière_, 1890. [222] _Jour. de l'Anat. et de la Phys._, 1893, p. 564. [223] Cited by Gould in _Anomalies_. [224] Gould, _op. cit._ [225] Gould, _Anomalies_, p. 272. [226] _Revue Internat. des Sciences Med._, November 1886. [227] Achondroplasia, or imperfect development of cartilage with resulting imperfections in the extremities, has come under my observation. The first case, a man of 38, had a face arrested in development and the appearance of a ten-year-old boy. His jaws were small with a protrusion of the lower. His arms were absent. The hands were full sized and attached to the shoulder. Another case was that of a member of the Spanish nobility in whom degeneracy was stamped on the entire body. He was short in body and had an enormous head. The jaws were undeveloped with a V-shaped arch. His left hand was located near the shoulder. [228] _Alienist and Neurologist_, January, 1898. [229] _Medicine_, January, 1898. [230] Wharton, _Proc. Royal Society of Ireland_, 1863. [231] _British Medical Journal_, January 25, 1897. [232] Meige, _L'Anthropologie_, T. 6, Nos. 3, 4, 5. [233] Havelock Ellis, _Psychology of Sex_, vol. i. "Sexual Inversion." [234] Otis T. Mason, _Smithsonian Contribution to Knowledge_, 1888. [235] Julien, _Monatschrift für Prakt. Dermatologie_, March, 1898. [236] _Annual of the Universal Medical Sciences_, 1892. [237] _L'Encephale_, 1883. [238] _Neurological Review_, 1886. [239] _Malthusianism and Crime._ [240] _Wiener Med. Wochenschrift_, February 13, 1897. [241] _British Medical Journal_, April 23, 1898. [242] "Stigmata of Degeneracy in Royal Families," _Jour. Am. Med. Assoc._, vol. xxvii. 1894. [243] _Practice of Medicine._ [244] _Progrès Medical_, July 15, 1888. [245] _Somatic Etiology of Insanity_, 1877. [246] Ziegler, _Pathologic Anatomy_. [247] Vogt, _Lectures on Man_. The lettering refer to the text of that work. [248] _St. Louis Clinical Record_, vol. viii. p. 66. [249] _Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease_, 1886, p. 54. [250] _Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease_, 1886. [251] In the foregoing, and to some extent in the following, chapters it has been necessary to touch on many complicated questions of brain function, more or less outside the main topic of this book. The aspect of such questions is, however, constantly changing in the light of new investigations, and our knowledge is still far from certain in many most important respects. For excellent statements of the prevailing views of brain localisation, brought up to date, the reader may be referred to the special sections of the latest editions of Foster's _Physiology_, or of Waller's _Physiology_; Donaldson's _Growth of the Brain_ may also be consulted.