Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
Simultaneously with issuing the suspension requests, the procurement
bureaus in Washington began making out what were known as termination
schedules. These were detailed statements of proposed reductions in war
work compiled by individual contracts, by manufacturing projects, by
entire commodities that were being consumed by the Army, and by entire
production programs. These schedules were first sent for approval to
the Director of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic, who also secured the
approval of the War Industries Board and the Department of Labor.
The approved schedules were then sent back to the bureaus for action,
except that the bureaus were instructed to terminate the production
gradually so as not to disturb industry in any particular localities.
The terminations, of course, were made by agreement with the producers,
the agreements embodying the terms under which the manufacturing ceased.
So expeditiously was this work started that the first termination
schedules reached the Director of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic on
November 12, and the schedules poured in upon him every day thereafter.
Within a few days the prepared schedules involved the termination
of a billion dollars’ worth of work. Each schedule was the product
of a comprehensive study of the industries affected, made by the
production bureaus, which were in intimate touch with those industries.
On December 5 the terminations and reductions reached a total of
$2,500,000,000. A large part of the war industry had been reduced or
terminated without serious detriment to the condition of business and
employment. Consequently, it was decided that no such precautions as
were being taken were longer necessary, and a change in the liquidation
system went into effect. Thereafter the stoppage of war industry was
placed entirely in the hands of the district production officers of
the War Department. These men were to consult with the local officers
of the Department of Labor as to the effect of terminations upon
employment, and were also to make frequent regular reports to the
Director of Purchase, Storage, and Traffic. For the rest, they were
free to act according to their own best judgment.
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