Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
The preliminary steps in industrial demobilization were taken before
the armistice. For one thing, in those final days when it was apparent
that the end was close at hand, the War Department adopted the policy
of terminating the war contracts by agreement. For that purpose, the
war department administration added to the standard contract provisions
already adopted standard forms of supplemental agreements, to the end
that the liquidation of war industry might be carried out uniformly.
On November 9 all production bureaus of the Department were notified
to be ready to enforce the termination clauses of contracts when the
fighting ended. This order, of course, applied only to those contracts
containing termination clauses; but at the same time provision was made
for the suspension of war work when the public interest required it.
This suspension was to be preliminary to the adoption of arrangements
whereby war industry could be gradually stopped down and readjusted
by easy stages. On this date, too, the Department adopted a policy
from which it never afterwards deviated: not to pay to a producer any
profits on prospective production under his contract, but to allow a
profit as high as 10 per cent of the cost on work that had actually
been done but from which no actual production might have resulted. Thus
from the very first the Government showed a spirit of conciliation that
promised well for the producers of war supplies.
On the morning of November 11, after the receipt of the official news
of the armistice, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of the Navy,
and the Director of the United States Shipping Board announced after
a conference that all Sunday work and overtime work on government
contracts would cease at once, and that war industry would be
tapered off by the various procurement agencies in consultation with
the Department of Labor and the War Industries Board. These two
organizations, the one in contact with employers and the other with
labor, were in a position to guard the interests both of labor and of
industry. Meanwhile the procurement bureaus of the War Department,
following the recent instructions, had sent out generally requests to
suspend the manufacture of munitions. These orders were soon modified
to allow production to continue at most of the war plants, but the
brief interim of idleness gave the procurement officers time to survey
the situation and also served as a notice to the manufacturers that
the war was over and that they were to incur no further obligations in
pursuance of their contracts.
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