Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
The Board of Contract Adjustment heard witnesses and then rendered
a decision as to the terms of a Class B contract. After that it did
one of two things: it referred the now established contract to the
proper district board for settlement, or else it determined itself
the financial obligation of the Government and issued an award to the
producer. In addition to this work the War Department Board of Contract
Adjustment, as a convenient agency, also settled contracts of all sorts
made by such presidential agencies as the War Industries Board and the
United States Food Administration.
After the Dent Act was in operation, the War Department extended to the
informal contractors also the privilege of receiving partial payments
in advance of final settlement.
Such, in outline, was the system which liquidated the war industry
and struck the balance between the War Department and the munitions
producers. A few details of organization should be noted. The War
Department Claims Board greatly expanded its own organization during
the episode by creating various subsidiary bodies. One of these was
its Standing Committee (composed of members of the Board), which did
most of the actual work for the Board and presented its acts for the
consideration of the entire Board in the form of resolutions. These
resolutions in time became a body of precedents to standardize the
whole procedure. To handle engineering and other technical questions,
the War Department Claims Board created its Technical Section, which,
in turn, established within itself its Plant Valuation Group, made up
of men specially qualified to appraise the contemporary value of plants
erected for the War Department by producers with the understanding that
the Department would pay for these plants, or an agreed-upon portion of
their cost. The Special Auditing Committee of the Board also conducted
a work of great importance. During the war numerous manufacturers held
contracts with two or more production bureaus of the War Department.
After the armistice they filed separate claims for the settlement of
such contracts. There was always danger that in these claims there
would be duplicate items of such costs as overhead expense and plant
deterioration. The Auditing Committee consolidated the claims of
individual producers and thus enabled the War Department Claims Board
to strike out duplicate items of cost. Numerous contractors followed
the old peace-time procedure of filing claims with the auditor of the
War Department. So many claims originated from this source that the
War Department Claims Board established in the office of the Director
of Finance a Classification Board to separate all claims coming to the
auditor and to refer them to the proper bureau boards.
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