Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
To provide a basis of fact for all such acts of administration in the
demobilization, the district boards first took a rapid but thorough
inventory of the ordnance industrial situation. This they did by means
of questionnaires sent to all the contractors. Each questionnaire, when
returned to the district board, showed the status of the contract at
the time and how the contractor’s business and his employees would be
affected by a termination. The general ordnance policy was to permit
contractors (after the first emergency suspension which, it will be
remembered, had been requested immediately after the armistice was
signed) to continue their work on a diminishing scale for a few weeks,
while they made their arrangements to engage once more in commercial
work. Some of the contracts, including all the late, standardized
ones, provided for the termination of work upon thirty days’ notice.
If, however, the enforcement of this provision would create any
considerable amount of unemployment, the district boards allowed such
contractors to complete an average thirty days’ production, but to
spread out the work over a longer period of time.
There were variations of the general policy when it was applied
to special classes of ordnance industry. For instance, the many
contractors who were machine-finishing the artillery shell were
permitted to keep their plants in full operation until January
31, 1919, when the work had to cease abruptly. All source
industries--industries, that is, producing rough forgings and other raw
and semi-finished materials for ordnance manufacture--were taken from
war work forthwith. Then, too, as noted, in various classes of large
ordnance, or ordnance of exceedingly difficult manufacture, the orders
were greatly reduced and the contractors permitted to go ahead and
complete the residue, no matter how long it might take. Such ordnance
included gun carriages, recuperators, tanks, optical instruments, and
other supplies of the sort. This reduced production continued for more
than a year after the general stoppage of war industry. Some of the
Mark VIII tanks (the Anglo-American design) were delivered to the Army
as late as June 1, 1920.
So expeditiously was the work of termination carried on in the other
classes of manufacture (and these made up the greater part of the
ordnance industry) that by January 1, 1919, nearly all war ordnance
production had either been terminated altogether or was dwindling to
the vanishing point under specific agreements. After February 1 the
only war ordnance factories in operation were the exceptional plants
noted in the preceding paragraph.
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