Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
The armistice cut short the joint Franco-American project to mount
thirty-six American seacoast 10-inch guns upon the Schneider railway
mount, a French design, America to produce the parts for the mounts and
France to assemble them. Four complete sets of parts had been sent to
France before the armistice. The contractors were three: the Harrisburg
Manufacturing & Boiler Company (mounts), the Pullman Car Company
(trucks for the gun cars), and the American Car & Foundry Company
(ammunition cars). The weapon is not ideal for coastal defense, because
the mount allows no traverse aiming, and the car therefore must be used
on curved track. The contractors were permitted to finish eighteen of
these mounts in all.
A gigantic piece of ordnance was the 16-inch howitzer mounted on a
railway truck during the war. In a project to build sixty-one such
weapons by the year 1920 the Government spent $6,000,000 on a special
plant at the mill of the Midvale Steel Company near Philadelphia. The
whole project was abandoned after the armistice, but one building had
been erected and the structural steel for the rest of the plant was on
the ground. Meanwhile the toolmakers of the country were working on the
vast projected manufacturing equipment for this plant; and a small
amount of this machinery was completed after the armistice and sent to
Watervliet and Watertown arsenals.
The Neville Island Gun Plant was projected in 1918 as a source of
supply for guns of the largest size for mounting upon railway cars. The
plant, which was to cost $150,000,000, a sum which would have made it
by far the largest gun plant in the world, was expected to manufacture
over 450 guns of the biggest sizes during 1919 and 1920--more railway
guns than the Germans owned altogether. The enterprise, which was
entirely abandoned after the armistice, cost the Government about
$9,000,000. Every ordnance officer, however, believes that the mere
project, actively started, had its effect in ending the war by
depressing the enemy morale. The war cost us about $50,000,000 a day.
If, therefore, the Neville project shortened the war by as much as
three days, it wrote off its entire estimated cost.
The project, immature though it was when terminated, placed in the war
reserves certain steel-working machinery of the heaviest sort. One
6,500-ton forging press, costing $500,000, was completed and turned
over to the Navy Department for installation in the navy gun-forging
plant at Charleston, West Virginia. Certain costly shell-making
machinery was completed after the armistice and either sold to private
buyers (at favorable prices, as compared with what the Ordnance
Department could have obtained for the unfinished machines) or else
stored at the Watertown Arsenal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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