Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
One of the projects completed after the armistice was that providing
for railway mounts for forty-seven 8-inch, 35 calibers, seacoast
rifles. The two contractors--the Morgan Engineering Company of
Alliance, Ohio, and the Harrisburg Manufacturing & Boiler Company
of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania--had built eighteen complete units,
each consisting of a gun car and numerous accessory ammunition and
repair cars, a whole train in itself, and had manufactured all the
parts for the rest. These parts were ordered assembled. This purely
American mount possesses the advantage of permitting the gun to fire
at any angle, the mount revolving upon a barbette carriage, and the
disadvantage that in traveling on narrow-gauge track (such as is being
laid at isolated places along the coast) its gun must be transferred
to a special gun car--a transfer, however, quickly effected by the
machinery which the gun train itself carries. Seventy-seven ammunition
cars for these guns, built as they were for operation in French railway
trains and therefore useless in this country, were sold to the French
Government for about $250,000, a price which covered every cent spent
in their production.
A second project completed after the armistice placed twelve 12-inch
guns on French Batignolle railway mounts. This mount absorbs the gun
recoil in an enormous hydropneumatic recuperator, permitting rapid fire
and the fastening of the gun car to the track to avoid any retrograde
movement. (Several of the railway mounts slid backward and had to be
restored to aim after each shot.) The 12-inch mount, however, permits
only a small traverse swing to the gun, which, for correct aiming, has,
therefore, to run upon curved tracks, or epis, as they are called.
These mounts were built by the Marion Steam Shovel Company with
machinery partly the property of the Government. At the completion of
the work this machinery was shipped to the Watertown Arsenal.
The final completed project was the mounting of ninety 12-inch mortars
(seacoast weapons) upon railway cars. The Morgan Engineering Company
built a special plant costing $3,500,000 for this one job, providing
mount-building capacity twelve times that of the Watertown Arsenal
before 1917--and that arsenal had been the Army’s sole source of
big-gun mounts. On November 11, 1918, this plant had manufactured all
the parts for all ninety mounts, and the assembling of these mounts
was therefore ordered. About 100 ammunition cars of French design were
sold to the French Government for about $350,000, thus returning most
of the money put into them. The Alliance plant itself was too large and
expensive to maintain as a stand-by plant; and, after shipping most of
the special-purpose machinery to the Watertown Arsenal, the Ordnance
Department disposed of the building to a private buyer.[8]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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