Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
Nearly 1,400 tons of phosgene, chlorpicrin, mustard, and other deadly
gases made during the war are now stored at Edgewood; and to-day,
nearly three years after the armistice, their containers are still
in almost perfect condition. It is estimated that they will not
deteriorate in storage for at least ten years, a fact indicating that
poison gases are as durable in storage as smokeless powder. There
are also stored at Edgewood large quantities of loaded gas shell
manufactured during the war. These are frequently inspected and tested,
and the tests show that they are keeping well. The experts now estimate
that loaded gas shell will exist in good condition as long as a
battleship can give service, from the time of commissioning the ship to
the time when it is declared obsolete.
Other reserves of chemical warfare equipment now stored at Edgewood
include 51,000 Livens projectors, 88 trench mortars, 3,000,000
unfilled gas shell, and 700,000 unfilled hand grenades. There
are also in storage over 2,000,000 gas masks and 1,000 tons of
activated charcoal for use as a gas absorbent in the mask canisters.
The masks are stored in hermetically sealed boxes, a method of
preservation which, it is hoped, will protect the rubberized fabric
from deterioration for years to come. Other stored supplies include
protective suits, protective ointment, and gas alarm devices.
Such chemicals as the Chemical Warfare Service did sell after the
armistice brought good prices. The prices of many chemicals went
up after the armistice, and the Chemical Warfare Service profited
accordingly. The Service made a profit of 100 per cent on the phosgene
it sold and also found a good market for its chlorine.
Among the reserves stored at Edgewood was a considerable quantity of
the felt which was developed by Americans as a protection against
arsenical smoke, a deadly chemical never given a trial in the field
of battle, but regarded as an inevitable development in the expected
campaign in 1919. The production of toxic smoke was one of the most
interesting phases of the history of chemical warfare in the World War.
The candles which projected this smoke were perhaps the most appalling
weapon devised by any of the belligerents during the conflict, and
the armistice interrupted an Anglo-American project, well under way,
to asphyxiate the Germany Army with them in the spring of 1919. This
development was one of the deepest military secrets both in England and
the United States. Except for the French, not even the other Allies
were admitted to the secret.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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