Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
But although the Division had no large quantity of building supplies
to sell, it was charged, after the armistice, with the duty of
disposing of the facilities at the 182 construction projects which
were terminated. Many of these projects were large ones, those in this
category being for the most part training camps for troops. There
was a camp shortage in 1918, and the Construction Division was doing
everything in its power to overcome it. We were sending men overseas
at the rate of 300,000 a month; and, since it was desirable to give
every overseas soldier at least six months’ training, that implied
camp accommodations for 1,800,000 men in the United States. The actual
accommodations provided were for less than 1,370,000 troops. In 1918,
after the augmented rate of embarkation became a fact, new training
camp projects were consequently inaugurated at frequent intervals. Only
a few days before the armistice the Construction Division began the
construction of an enormous new camp which was to specialize in the
training of infantry. All the national guard camps (sixteen of them)
and most of the special-purpose camps, whether completely built or not,
were condemned after the armistice for salvage. Most of these were
veritable cities, some of them large enough to accommodate 40,000 men
each, comfortably--with the adverb accented, for the comfort was based
on such substantial (and costly) installations as water and sanitation
systems, electric lighting, pavements, sidewalks, and even stores,
theatres, and gymnasiums. It was the task of the Construction Division
to dispose of these cities to such members of the public as cared to
buy.
A city, however, is something more than an accumulation of buildings
and other tangible facilities. Quite as much as upon foundations of
rock, a city rests upon logic--the logic of its location. Naturally the
Government built its camps upon cheap land, therefore upon land not
in demand by the population, therefore upon land not so located as to
make it a logical place for a city. And so, although it was thought at
first that perhaps some of these camps might prove to be the nuclei of
permanent civilian communities, that notion soon had to be abandoned
for the reason that few civilian movements arose to occupy permanently
the former war buildings. An attempt was made, and still is being made,
to use the former Nitro Powder Plant as a permanent civilian industrial
city, and one or two training camps in the South have been held
together by their purchasers with the idea of establishing communities
on their sites. The others, however, in which the Government had sunk
hundreds of millions of dollars, were sold out to the wreckers, who
bought them for the sake of salvaging the building materials.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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