Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
France paid $400,000,000 for the property, the United States accepting
in payment interest-bearing 10-year French bonds. Not all the property
listed in the original inventory was involved in the sale. America
made certain exceptions: (1) all animals (these were sold separately
for a total of $29,016,506.59); (2) supplies previously sold out of
the surplus stocks to France herself and other buyers to the value of
$77,265,597.83; (3) military equipment returned to the United States,
valued at $15,000,000; (4) supplies needed for the maintenance of the
remnant of the A. E. F., worth $4,000,000; and (5) supplies worth
$10,000,000 turned over to the American Red Cross as a gift. Thus, the
utilization value of the original inventory was scaled down by these
subtractions to approximately $427,000,000, and for this quantity the
French Government paid $400,000,000--a fair return. It should be noted
that in paying this price the French Government also canceled its claim
for the payment of customs duties on the goods, and a conservative
estimate placed the aggregate amount of these unpaid duties at
$150,000,000. An even greater benefit to us was the fact that by the
terms of the settlement France assumed all land claims which might
otherwise have been pressed upon the United States by French nationals
for years to come.
The bulk sale to France was the largest single transaction in the
disposition of the A. E. F. surplus; but there were many other sales,
some of them large. Goods went in these transactions to the governments
of the Allies (France herself, outside the general sale, being a
purchaser to the extent of $95,000,000), to individuals, companies,
and syndicates in western Europe, to relief societies, to coöperative
societies in the Balkans (these, being the economic organization of
whole peoples, were not affected by political changes and sometimes
seemed to have greater stability than the new governments themselves),
to the governments of the so-called “liberated nations,” and to other
purchasers. Although the United States Liquidation Commission made
every effort to keep each transaction on the dollar basis, it was
not always possible to do so, and payments were accepted in pounds
sterling, in francs, in marks, and in other European currency,
sometimes much depreciated. Yet, translating foreign money into
terms of the dollar at average rates of exchange, and adding in the
$400,000,000 received from France, we reach a total of approximately
$800,000,000 received by the United States for the entire quantity
of American military property left in Europe after the return of the
expedition. It is roughly estimated that the property thus sold cost
the United States $1,328,000,000. The salvage return, therefore,
was practically 60 per cent of the cost. The miscellaneous sales
transactions have practically all been closed, and the receipts have
been covered into the Treasury. The French $400,000,000 is represented
by bonds maturing in 1929.
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