Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
The attempt to put this policy into practice quickly showed the fallacy
of it. Immediately it was discovered that the composition of the
divisions had radically changed during the service in France. Men had
died in battle, fallen sick, been transferred to other organizations,
and their places had been taken by replacement troops shipped from
the United States. Whole divisions had been rearranged. In the autumn
of 1918 the expeditionary divisions were no longer representative of
separate districts of the United States; each was in effect a cross
section of the whole of America.
One of the first organizations to come back from France was a minor
unit, a company, which had received its training at Camp Cody, Texas.
The unit was sent to Camp Cody for demobilization and discharge. There
it was discovered that, of every ten men who had joined the unit when
it was in training, only four remained. The other six were newcomers,
and to reach their homes they had to travel to points scattered from
Oregon to the Atlantic coast.
Had this system been followed throughout the disbanding of the
expeditionary units, it is evident that it would have cost the
Government heavily in travel allowances paid to discharged soldiers,
without saying anything about the tremendous traffic burden upon
the railroads of the country. There was nothing to do but to break
up the whole organization of the A. E. F. before sending it to the
demobilization centers, and to assemble the men once more in units that
possessed geographical identity.
The A. E. F. received instructions to attempt this break-up in
France--at least to begin it there. It was found impossible to
regroup the services of supply troops to any extent, because the
embarkation ports in France, at which the supply troops were prepared
for embarkation, were neither organized nor equipped to handle such a
difficult work. More could be done with the divisional troops at Le
Mans. Thereafter, whenever a division came into the area of Le Mans
those soldiers who had joined the division after its training had
been complete, and who did not live in the district centering in the
original training camp in America, were detached and assembled with
neighbors of theirs into territorial demobilization units, which became
known as overseas casual companies. When the division itself went on
from Le Mans to the ports it consisted only of the remnant of charter
members who had been with it from the outset.
The prescribed size of an overseas casual company was two officers and
150 men, but it was seldom convenient to send forth companies uniformly
organized. Men were not held waiting in France until casual companies
could be built up to the prescribed size. One company might consist
of fifty soldiers and the next 250, according to circumstances in the
embarkation camp.
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