Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
In the United States, among the troops quartered at the cantonments,
camps, posts, and stations of the war-time establishment and traveling
over the American railroads, there was no such baggage problem as had
fretted the A. E. F., but nevertheless there was one of considerable
size. Shortly after the armistice the Transportation Service took
cognizance of an accumulation of reports which it had received telling
of baggage, ostensibly the property of soldiers, which was remaining
unclaimed at railroad stations and at posts formerly occupied by
troops. It happened that about that time the general baggage agents of
the principal American trunk lines held a convention in Washington.
The Transportation Service seized the opportunity of this meeting to
request the coöperation of the railroads in returning lost baggage
to soldiers. The baggage agents agreed to secure a complete report
from the whole United States of all military baggage on hand at
parcel rooms, express rooms, and baggage rooms. At the same time the
Transportation Service ordered the commanders of all the military camps
in the United States to send to Washington inventories of unclaimed
baggage at the camps. The next step was to find out what soldiers had
lost any baggage. Newspapers and service journals gave publicity to
the project of the Transportation Service, and the various welfare
societies added their assistance, with the result that the Service was
able to restore hundreds of pieces of lost baggage to their rightful
owners. Again the United States was saved a considerable sum of money
which otherwise it would have had to pay out in settlement of claims.
One task of the military authorities, similar to the restoration of
lost baggage, but much more delicate and requiring a high degree of
tact and sympathy in its administration, was that of returning to
bereaved relatives the baggage of soldiers who had been killed in
battle or who had died on foreign soil. This was so obviously a work of
its own kind, requiring men peculiarly adapted to the handling of it,
that it was placed in charge of a special service, both in France and
in the United States. In France the Effects Bureau, as the organization
was called, was part of the Quartermaster Department; in the United
States a bureau of the same name, and virtually the successor of the
overseas organization, was attached to the Transportation Service, and,
like the Lost Baggage Section, operated exclusively at Hoboken.
As long as the A. E. F. was in France in force the overseas Effects
Bureau handled most of this work. It set up headquarters at the
embarkation port at St. Nazaire, and there it checked up all the
baggage it could find which was the property of deceased soldiers and
forwarded it to the United States. Many of these effects were found in
the general search of France for lost baggage, but thousands of pieces
were stored at military hospitals and with troop organizations.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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