Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920Crowell, Benedict
History
Demobilization : $b our industrial and military demobilization after the armistice, 1918-1920
Crowell, Benedict
United States. Army. American Expeditionary Forces -- Demobilization; World War, 1914-1918 -- United States
The effects piled up in the Hoboken pier contained many a pathetic
reminder of the invincible curiosity and enterprise of the American
boys in France and of their passion for souvenirs of the war. The
dead men had collected from almost every part of Europe thousands
of keepsakes of every description. In the baggage of one deceased
soldier was found a German machine gun which he had acquired in some
manner and had succeeded in identifying as his personal property.
Occasionally those going over the effects found the contraband loaded
shell and grenades. These were confiscated and destroyed, because of
their dangerousness, but all other property was reverently handled and
protected. Because of the complete lack of identification for some
thousands of parcels, it was impossible to make complete restoration
of the effects to the heirs of the American dead. Nevertheless, by the
end of 1919 the Effects Bureau had delivered more than 35,000 sets of
personal effects of deceased soldiers to their families.
In winding up the affairs of the American Expeditionary Forces in
France, there was a final, mournful task for the Quartermaster Service;
one of large proportions and unusual difficulty--that of disposing of
the soldier dead. During the fighting it had been taken for granted by
many that the Americans who fell would be interred in great American
cemeteries in France, to be maintained and kept beautiful forever by
the American Government; but after the armistice there developed in
this country, among those bereft of their sons and brothers, a powerful
feeling that the bodies of these boys should be returned to final
resting places within the United States. The country, or that part of
it immediately interested in the question, divided into two opposite
camps and attempted to force the War Department into a definite policy
one way or the other.
When the aviator Quentin Roosevelt was killed, his father, the late
Theodore Roosevelt, quoted the words of the rugged Old Testament
Preacher: “In the place where the tree falleth, there it shall be.”
This was perhaps the strong attitude, and a considerable number of
bereaved relatives of soldiers felt as did Roosevelt; but they were,
after all, the minority. Thousands of mothers, sisters, and sweethearts
on the farms and in the hamlets, towns, and cities of the United States
held rather with the poet, Theodore O’Hara:
“Your own proud land’s heroic soil
Shall be your fitter grave.”
In this contention the War Department took no sides. It did not adopt
the wishes of the majority as a government policy, nor yet those of the
minority; but it allowed each bereaved family to have its own way. If
the family asked for the return of the body, that the War Department
agreed to. If the family were willing to have the body remain buried in
France, the War Department guaranteed that the grave should always be a
hallowed and beautiful spot.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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