Climate, alternations of desert and sea conditions — Hot sand-bearing winds — Rainfall — Peculiarities of the tide — Canal-like shape of Red Sea — The great Rift Valley — Origin of the “Brothers” and “Daedalus Reef” — “Emerald Island” — The coast and reefs — Maritime plain — Its coral border — Recent nature of internal structure of coral rock — Elevation of coastline — Foundations of the reefs — Previous theories inadmissible — Rawaya peninsula — Three steps on sides of Rift Valley — Successive elevations — Harbours — Problem of their origin — A natural promenade — Coast-wise travel — The Shubuk labyrinth — Summary of history of the Red Sea 118 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS, ETC. PAGE Pl. I, Fig. 1. Coast of the _inside cover Anglo-Egyptian Sudan at beginning_ „ II, „ 2. Map of Red Sea „ „ „ _end_ „ III, „ 3. A sandstorm _frontispiece_ Fig. 4. Plan of Suakin harbour etc. 11 „ 5. Suakin, the Customs House and Government buildings „ Pl. IV, Fig. 6. Suakin, a mosque (_Photo. by W. H. Lake, Esq._) _to face_ 13 „ V, „ 7. „ the causeway and town gate „ 14 „ V, „ 8. „ one of Kitchener’s forts „ „ „ V, „ 9. Sunset on the Red Sea „ „ „ VI, „ 10. Portrait of a young Hamite „ 15 „ VII, „ 11. An Arabian Sea captain „ 16 „ VII, „ 12. A Bishari „ „ „ VII, „ 13. Negro ex-slave „ „ „ VIII, „ 14. Old Mabrûk, from Zanzibar „ 20 „ VIII, „ 15. Hamitic woman „ „ „ IX, „ 16. Elderly Bishari „ 23 „ X, „ 17. A veteran seaman „ 25 „ X, „ 18. Mutton fat hair dressing „ „ „ X, „ 19. Daggers and amulet „ „ „ X, „ 20. A woman’s hand „ „ „ XI, „ 21. Our camel postman with native arms „ 28 „ XII, „ 22. Prayer at a Shêkh’s grave „ 36 „ XII, „ 23. Boys with amulets and lucky stone „ „ „ XIII, „ 24. A prophet’s tomb „ 38