Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied artsFenn, Amor
History
Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied arts
Fenn, Amor
Architecture; Art; Decoration and ornament; Decoration and ornament -- History
The division of the entablature is the same as that of the Ionic. The
total height is divided into ten. Three of these parts form the
architrave, three the frieze and four the cornice.
An angle of 45 degrees set off from the top of the frieze will determine
the general contour and projection of the cornice.
The cornice is more complex than in the other styles, but a division of
eleven will help to determine, three being the height to underside of
bead moulding and seven that of the main facia. The lowest moulding of
the cornice is a cyma reversa supporting a dentil course with a bead
moulding above it. Above the bead there is an ovolo, which forms the bed
of a series of brackets known as modillions. The height of the
modillions is about one-fifth including the reversa moulding, which,
besides completing the modillions, is carried round between them as a
support for the upper facia.
The modillions have a profile of ogee form. They are about a sixth of a
diameter in width and project about twice their width, and are so spaced
as to leave squares between them on the soffit or underside of the
corona. The frieze, which may or may not be decorated, is in vertical
alignment with the lowest member of the architrave.
The architrave is made up of three facias with intervening mouldings. If
the height be divided into two, the upper half is devoted to the first
facia and reversa moulding, which latter occupies rather more than
one-third; the remaining half is taken up by the other two facias in a
diminishing ratio.
_The Column--The Shaft_
The general proportions of the column have already been given. The shaft
is invariably tapered for two-thirds of its height, the lower third
being cylindrical, and the taper terminates at the necking moulding. In
all three orders the difference between the upper and lower diameters is
the same, that is, the upper is five-sixths of the lower, but although
the amount of taper is numerically the same, the different ratios of the
diameters to the heights produce naturally very different results.
The shaft of the Doric column may be plain or channelled with vertical
grooves called flutes. There are twenty of these flutes round the
circumference. On plan they are shallow, and may be formed of arcs of a
third of a circle. The curves meet without intervening fillets. The
flutes are finished off in segmental curves at the top and bottom,
leaving a small plain space below the necking and above the base.
The Ionic and Corinthian columns may have plain or decorated shafts. If
decorated they have twenty-four flutes round the circumference. These
are semi-circular on plan, and are spaced with fillets between them.
_The Capital_
The Capital is the culminating feature of the column in which horizontal
lines predominate in æsthetic contrast to the vertical lines of the
shaft. In all the orders there is some form of crowning block or
moulding known as the abacus.[A]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account