Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied artsFenn, Amor
History
Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied arts
Fenn, Amor
Architecture; Art; Decoration and ornament; Decoration and ornament -- History
The frieze is bounded above and below by rectilinear projecting bands or
fillets; that at the top breaks round or follows the projection of the
triglyphs.
The triglyphs are so named because they are channelled vertically with
grooves or glyphs, V shaped in section, with intervening spaces or
inter-glyphs. The width of the triglyph should be divided into twelve
parts--then the half glyphs which are placed at the angles will each be
one of these parts, and the remaining two glyphs and three inter-glyphs
are each two of them. The glyphs terminate at the base on the fillet
band, but at the top are cut off a little below the upper fillet,
invariably in a straight line, thus forming a triangular heading with
the apex of the triangle sloping backwards and downwards in conformity
with the V shaped section of the glyphs.
Under the lower fillet band, and immediately below the triglyph, is a
small fillet and six pendant drops of conical form known as guttae.
[Illustration: No. 157. Ionic Entablature.]
The architrave is half a diameter high, inclusive of the fillet band,
which is roughly a sixth of this height. The small fillet and guttae are
together equal in height to the fillet band.
It may be taken as an invariable rule that whatever order is used, the
face of the architrave must be in vertical alignment with the upper part
of the shaft of the column.
_Ionic Entablature_
The total height of the entablature is divided into ten parts; three of
these should be taken as the height of the architrave, three that of the
frieze, and the remaining four that of the cornice.
To find the projection of the cornice a line should be drawn at an angle
of 45 degrees from the top of the frieze, and the profiles of the
mouldings composing the cornice will fall within this line.
The lowest member is a small reversa moulding, with a fillet supporting
a dentil course, above which is an ovolo; these occupy half the height
of the cornice. The remaining half is composed of the facia, surmounted
by a reversa and the crowning cyma moulding, rather more than half of
the height being allotted to these two.
The frieze of the Ionic order has no characteristic detail as the Doric,
and may be plain or decorated according to conditions, and should be in
vertical alignment with the lowest member of the architrave. In some of
the later Renaissance examples the profile of the Ionic frieze is a
segmental curve of about a third of a circle.
The architrave is usually formed of three facias, which may be either
vertical or slightly inclined.
[Illustration: No. 158. Corinthian Entablature.]
A fifth of the total height is taken for the upper moulding, which is a
reversa with its accompanying fillet.
A point bisecting the underside of the fillet and bottom of architrave
will give the line of the lower edge of the top facia. The other two
facias should be taken in a decreasing ratio, the lower being the
shorter.
_Corinthian Entablature_
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