Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied artsFenn, Amor
History
Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied arts
Fenn, Amor
Architecture; Art; Decoration and ornament; Decoration and ornament -- History
The use made of the pediment by the architects of the Renaissance was
not always justified in the strictest sense. It was often used to vary
the sky line, and to form door and window heads. Although the latter use
can be to some extent justified in exterior work, a similar employment
in interiors may be open to question.
The sloping lines of the pediment are not always straight, sometimes
they are in the form of a curve composed of a segment of a circle. The
triangular and curved forms are often used alternately in a row of
windows with good effect.
The lines of the pediment mouldings are not always continuous; sometimes
the sloping or the horizontal lines or both are broken. This is a
treatment that cannot readily be justified as the pediment is a feature
that implies shelter.
Sometimes ogee curves take the place of the straight sloping lines, and
these terminate towards the centre, with scroll ends, leaving an
interval between them.
[Illustration: DETAIL OF PEDIMENT
No. 181.]
The mouldings of the pediment are the same as those of the cornice, the
crowning moulding of which is carried round and omitted in the
horizontal course forming the base of the pediment.
Beneath the cyma the mouldings of the cornice are repeated in their
proper order, detailing at the lower angles on the top of the horizontal
cornice, which terminates with the fillet above the facia.
When dentils and modillions are introduced in the cornice they are
invariably repeated in the mouldings of the pediment.
The tympanum or face of the pediment should be in vertical alignment
with the face of the frieze. When this space is small it is best left
plain, but on a large scale the tympanum affords a very suitable
position in which to place sculpture.
The height of the pediment varies according to the width. Thus where the
base is short, as in door and window heads, it will be comparatively
higher than when used in a façade. The height may vary from a fourth to
a fifth of the width of the base.
_Doors_
Obviously door openings should be of sufficient size to admit the free
passage of a tall person. The minimum height for ordinary doors in
domestic buildings should be six feet nine inches, and the width two
feet nine inches. For entrance doors under similar conditions the width
may be three feet six, but when it is more than this the door should be
in two halves.
[Illustration: No. 182. General proportions of doors and windows.]
The size of doors should be proportioned to the building, and should be
designed to meet probable requirements, thus in public buildings door
openings should not be less than six feet wide.
Generally a satisfactory proportion may be obtained by making the height
twice the width, and the framing architrave one-sixth the width of the
opening.
If a frieze and cornice are carried over the door the height inclusive
of architrave should be half the width of the opening.
[Illustration: No. 183. Door Treatment.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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