Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied artsFenn, Amor
History
Design and Tradition: A short account of the principles and historic development of architecture and the applied arts
Fenn, Amor
Architecture; Art; Decoration and ornament; Decoration and ornament -- History
A. Architrave with simple pilasters and consoles.
B. Ionic order rusticated, with pediment.
C. Doric order with pediment.
D. Doric order rusticated.
]
In addition to the framing architrave narrow pilasters bearing consoles
supporting the cornice are sometimes used. The total width of architrave
and pilaster may be about one-third the width, and the entire
entablature one-third the height of the opening.
The mouldings and decorations used should be in harmony with the general
structure and in character with the order if one is used.
Occasionally columns or pilasters are introduced, with or without the
arch, but the same general proportions apply, the aperture being two
squares.
When doors are placed under arches the top line of the entablature
should agree with that of the impost.
When a pediment is used, the height should be one-fourth the width of
the base.
_Windows_
The general proportions and treatments of doors apply also to windows,
and if doors and windows are placed in the same line the heads of the
openings should be in horizontal alignment. If this is not possible the
top of the cornice may agree with the inner line of the window openings.
Windows terminate below in a sill, or sometimes in a balcony, and as a
general rule those on the same level should be similar in treatment, but
an alternation such as already suggested with curved and straight lined
pediments is quite satisfactory.
The frieze and consoles of doors and windows are often decorated with
relief ornament.
When a façade is divided by columns or pilasters the bays are pierced
with windows ranged above each
[Illustration: No. 184. Windows.
A. Rusticated Architrave.
B. Rusticated Ionic Columns.
C. & D. Rustication with Horizontal and Vertical Joints Defined.
]
other, the heights varying with the different floors. Those on the first
storey are usually of full height, and those above less in height and
simpler in treatment. The width of apertures should be the same for the
different levels, except in the case of basements, where they may be
narrower.
When an order is not employed in a façade variety may be obtained by
grouping the windows; or three-light windows may be introduced. The
centre light, which may be treated with an arched head, should be twice
the width of the side lights.
[Illustration: No. 185. Three-Light Window.]
The number of windows in a façade should be odd, so that there may be a
centre one, and the end windows of a range should be kept well clear of
the angles of the building.
CHAPTER V
DIVISION OF SURFACE
In interior decoration surfaces such as walls and ceilings may be
divided into panels of various shapes by a system of framing. The form
of the framing may be rectangular, square, polygonal, circular or oval;
and the panel is generally recessed from the dividing stiles and rails
or ribs, while the latter are frequently supplemented by mouldings.
_Wall Treatment_
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