Determination of the Atomic Weight of Cadmium and the Preparation of Certain of Its Sub-CompoundsJones, Harry C. (Harry Clary)
Science
Determination of the Atomic Weight of Cadmium and the Preparation of Certain of Its Sub-Compounds
Jones, Harry C. (Harry Clary)
Atomic weights; Cadmium; Thesis (Ph. D.)
Amount of substance used .66640 gr.
” ” bromine found .36953 ”
Bromine.
55.45 per cent.
Second determination of bromine:
Amount of substance used .56035 gr.
” ” bromine found .31085 ”
Bromine.
55.47 per cent.
The percentage of cadmium and bromine found agrees very closely with
that of a compound of the formula Cd₄Br₇. The relation of cadmium to
bromine in this would be:
Cadmium. Bromine.
44.44 per cent. 55.56 per cent.
When this compound was heated for a long time with an excess of the
metal its composition was not appreciably changed.
The compound Cd₄Br₇ is a strong reducing agent: giving with nitric
acid oxides of nitrogen, with dilute hydrochloric, sulphuric or acetic
acid, free hydrogen, and with mercuric chloride, mercurous chloride or
metallic mercury. The action of water on the bromide by means of which
cadmous hydroxide was formed, was not studied as carefully as with the
chloride but appeared to be essentially the same.
The Preparation of Cd₁₂I₂₃.
Cadmic iodide was prepared in the same manner as the bromide. It was
dried in a stream of hydriodic acid gas at as low temperature as
possible to lessen the decomposition of the hydriodic acid. When the
anhydrous iodide was heated with an excess of metal in an atmosphere of
nitrogen the red color of the iodide became intensified. Heating was
continued until there was evidence of dissociation, which, under the
same conditions, was less marked than with the chloride and much less
than with the bromide. Owing to the high specific gravity of the iodine
compound some difficulty was experienced in obtaining a preparation
free from metal. This difficulty was finally overcome by keeping
the material just above its melting temperature for a long time and
constantly jarring the flask. During the process of cooling a decidedly
greenish tint was observed which disappeared as the process was
continued. When cold the substance resembled the chloride and bromide.
Two determinations of cadmium were made in the first preparation.
First determination:
Amount of substance used .55540 gr.
” ” cadmium found .17456 ”
Cadmium.
31.43 per cent.
Second determination:
Amount of substance used .47535 gr.
” ” cadmium found .14980 ”
Cadmium.
31.51 per cent.
As these results did not correspond to the composition represented by
the formula Cd₄I₇, which our experience with the chloride and bromide
had led us to expect, we reheated the material for several hours with
an excess of the metal. Two analyses of the product gave:
Cadmium. Iodine.
31.44 per cent. 68.65 per cent.
31.39 68.68
showing that the iodide had taken up during the first heating all the
metal which it could retain. The analytical results suggest the formula
Cd₁₂I₂₃, in which the calculated percentages are:
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