The Eighth is Unwillingness (_karaha_, lit. dislike). It is the opposite of Will, and it is impossible in God that He should bring into existence anything of the world, along with Unwillingness toward it, that is, lack of Will. Entities are possibilities which God brought into existence by His Will and Choice (_ikhtiyar_). And it is derived from the necessity of Will in God, that the existence of created things is not through causation (_ta‘lil_), or by way of nature (_tab_). And the difference between the two is that the entity which exists through causation is whatever exists whenever its cause exists, without dependence on another thing. The movement of the finger is the cause of the movement of the ring; when the one exists, the second exists, without dependence on anything else. And the entity which exists, by way of nature, depends upon a condition and upon the nullifying of a hindrance. So, fire does not burn except on the condition of contact with wood and the nullifying of moistness which is the hindrance of its burning. For fire burns by its nature according to those who hold the doctrine of nature—Whom may God curse!—But the truth is, that God creates the being burned in the wood when it is in contact with the fire, just as He creates the movement of the ring when movement of the finger exists. And there is no such thing as existence through causation or nature. So it is an impossibility in God that there should be a cause in the world which proceeds from Him without His choice, or that there should be a course of nature and that the world should exist thereby. The Ninth is Ignorance (_jahl_). Ignorance of any possible thing is impossible in God, equally whether it is simple, that is, lack of knowledge of a thing; or compound, that is, perception of a thing as different from what it really is. And Inattention (_ghafala_) and Neglect (_dhuhul_) are impossible in God. This is the opposite of Knowledge. The Tenth is Death (_mawt_). It is the opposite of Life. The Eleventh is Deafness (_samam_). It is the opposite of Hearing. The Twelfth is Blindness (_ama_). It is the opposite of Seeing. The Thirteenth is Dumbness (_kharas_). In it is the idea of Silence (_bakam_) and it is the opposite of Speech. The Fourteenth is God’s Being Weak (_kawn ajiz_). It is the opposite of His Being Powerful. The Fifteenth is His Being an Unwilling One (_kawn karih_). It is the opposite of His Being a Willer. The Sixteenth is His Being an Ignorant One (_kawn jahil_). It is the opposite of His Being a Knower. The Seventeenth is His Being a Dead One (_kawn mayyit_). It is the opposite of His Being a Living One. The Eighteenth is His Being Deaf (_asamm_). It is the opposite of His Being a Hearer. The Nineteenth is His Being Blind (_a‘ma_). It is the opposite of His Being a Seer. The Twentieth is His Being Silent (_abkam_). In it is the idea of Dumbness (_kharas_) and it is the opposite of His Being a Speaker.