Awwal_i_y_a_t, 260 Al-Awz_a_‘_i_, 98 ‘Ayn, 191, 309, 319, 341 Azal_i_, 291, 300, 309, 322, 343 B_a_bism, 5 Bad_a_ha, 308 Badakhsh_a_n, 170 Badan, 141 Badawite darw_i_shes, 267 Al-Baghaw_i_, 81, 207 Baghd_a_d, 5, 50-53, 56, 111, 133, 159, 162, 166-168, 175, 184, 185, 190, 194, 195, 207, 213, 217, 220, 226, 267 Baghd_a_d, Pashalik of, 60 Bakam, 340 Bal_a_da, 347 Balkh, 174 Baq_a_, 323 Al-B_a_qil_a_n_i_, 200, 201, 207 Barmak, Barmecides, 50 Ba_s_ar, 294, 333 Bashsh_a_r ibn Burd, 150 Ba_s_ir, 337 Al-Ba_s_ra, 18, 23, 25, 83, 150, 159, 167, 174, 187, 188 Ba‘th, 296, 311, 329 B_at_in, 314 B_at_inites, 42, 196 Ba_t_n, 42 Bay‘, 353 Al-Bay_da_w_i_, 195, 241 Al-Bayj_u_r_i_, 315 Baytu-l-‘izza, 335 Bedaw_i_s, 62 Berbers, 45, 243, 244, 248, 249 Al-B_e_r_u_n_i_, 170, 197 Beyrout, 84 Bid‘a, 74, 78, 148, 186, 297, 299, 307 Bil_a_ kayfa wal_a_ tashb_i_h, 147, 171, 191, 208, 294, 344; cf. kayfa Bil-fi‘l; see Fi‘l Bishr al-_Ha_f_i_, 175, 176 Bishr al-Mar_i_s_i_, 155 Bishr ibn al-Mu‘tamir, 142, 143, 151, 152 Al-Bis_ta_m_i_, Ab_u_ Yaz_i_d, 183, 188, 225, 268 Brotherhood of as-San_u_s_i_, 61, ff. Buddhists, 134 Al-Bukh_a_r_i_, 79, 80, 147, 148 Burgundy, 83 Burh_a_n, 259, 260 Buwayhids, 51, 52, 167, 194, 195, 197, 208 Cæsarea, 84 Cairo, 49, 166, 173, 195, 241, 244, 277 Camel, Battle of the, 21 Carthage, 82, 243 Charles the Hammer, 83 Chinese Muslims, 59 Christians, Christianity, 24, 47, 48, 125, 130-134, 137, 144, 147, 151, 181, 194 Companions; see _Sah_ibs Code Napoléon, 114 Constantine in Algeria, 45 Constantinople, 54, 113 Crusaders, 49 Ad-Dajj_a_l, 298, 315 Dal_i_l, 109, 315 _D_am_a_n, 354 Damascus, 14, 82, 88, 131, 175, 177 D_a_r al-_H_arb, 55 D_a_r al-Isl_a_m, 55 _D_ar_u_r_i_, 308 Darw_i_shes, 5, 61, 179, 182, 183, 203, 244, 266, 268 D_a_’_u_d a_z_-_Za_hir_i_, 103, 108-110 D_a_’_u_d ibn Nusayr, 174 Dauphiné, Le, 83 Dawr, 323 Dhikrs, 174, 178, 179 Dhuh_u_l, 340 Dh_u_-l-faq_a_r, 20 Dh_u_-l-Kifl, 346 Dh_u_-n-N_u_n, 176 Dh_u_-n-N_u_rayn, 313 D_i_n, 293, 297, 298, 305, 307 Diya, 355 Diy_a_na, 293 Druses, 27, 48, 59, 170 Eckart, the mystic, 180 Edict of the Prætor, 87 Egypt, Egyptians, 14, 21, 23, 30, 45-49, 53, 62, 82, 187, 244, 277, 287 Emessa, 163 Erigena, Scotus, 182 Euchites, 178 Euclid, 134 Euphrates, 133 Fakhr ad-D_i_n ar-R_a_z_i_, 241 Fakhr ad-Din ibn ‘As_a_kir, 273 Fan_a_, 338 Faq_i_h, fuqah_a_, 73, 85, 270 Faq_i_rs, 268 Al-F_a_r_a_b_i_, 162-164, 165, 167, 169, 181, 196, 215, 221, 236, 250 Far_a_gh, 317 Far_d_, 73 Far_id_a, 354 Al-F_a_r_u_q, 313 Fa_ta_na, 347 F_at_ima, daughter of Mu_h_ammad, 20, 30, 36, 346, 347 F_at_ima of Nays_a_b_u_r, 173 F_at_imids, 27, 36, 45, 47, 49, 165-167, 169, 173, 184, 197, 224, 241, 244, 251