Ptolemy, 134 Pythagoreanism, 168, 170 Qa_da_, 291, 295, 342, 356 Qadar, 128, 135-137, 242, 291, 293, 295, 342 Qadarites, 122, 127-132, 135, 137, 140, 292, 344 Q_adi_, 115, 156, 245, 356 Qad_i_m, 143, 300, 322, 343 Al-Q_a_dir, ‘Abb_a_sid Kh., 193-195 Q_a_dir, 319 Q_a_dirite darw_i_shes, 267, 269 Al-Q_a_dis_i_ya, 14, 133 Q_a_n_u_ns, 114 Qarma_t_ians, 44, 46, 170, 184, 188 Qasm, 356 Qatt_a_t, 350 Qawl, 296 Qidam, 322 Qir_ad_, 354 Qi_sas_, 355 Al-Qiy_a_ma, 349; cf. Yawm Qiy_a_m bin-nafs, 325 Qiy_a_s, 87, 94, 209, 247, 347 Qub_d_a, 329 Qudra, 192, 234, 294, 310, 319, 322, 328, 344 Al-Qudra al-azal_i_ya, 234 Qur’_a_n, 24, 42, 62, 69-71, 76, 77, 85, 94-96, 99, 103-106, 109, 117, 121, 128-130, 135, 138-141, 145-152, 155-158, 161-163, 171, 178, 188, 190, 195-198, 206, 209, 210, 231, 235, 238, 241, 245-249, 252, 253, 257-259, 263, 271, 272-275, 282-284, 295, 297, 303, 304, 310, 335, 345, 346 Quraysh, 10, 57, 305, 313 Al-Qushayr_i_, 213 Qu_t_b, 268, 282 Q_u_wa, 328 Rabelais, 199 R_a_bi‘a, 173 R_a_fi_d_ites, 212 R_a_hib, 125, 172 Rahn, 354 Rama_da_n, 188, 292, 293 Ar-R_a_shid, the Muwa_hh_id, 263, 264 Ras_a_’il ikhw_a_n a_s_-_s_af_a_, 168 Ras_u_l, 263, 308, 312, 345 Ra’y, 86, 94 Razq, 338 Red Sea, 60 Responsa prudentium, 85 Ri_da_, 310 Rif_a_‘ite darw_i_shes, 267, 268 Ris_a_la, 292 Ris_a_la of al-Qushayr_i_, 213 Ritschl, 238 Rizq, 179, 298, 299, 311, 317 R_uh_, 141, 231, 272 Rukh_s_a, 283 Ru’ya, 310, 344 As-s_a_‘a, 293, 294, 315 Sab_i_l All_a_h, 18 Sab‘_i_nite darw_i_shes, 267 Sab‘_i_ya, 42 Sa‘da, 36 Sa‘d ad-D_i_n; see at-Taft_a_z_a_n_i_ _S_afawids, 38 As-Saff_ah_, ‘Abb_a_sid Kh., 32 _S_agh_i_ra, 127, 311, 349 Sahara, 62 _Sah_iba, 294 _Sah_ibs, 9, 16, 19, 71, 72, 75, 79, 88, 101, 105, 147, 180, 275, 276, 282, 283, 293, 297, 307, 314, 346 _S_a_h_’fa, 75, 77, 335 _S_a_hi_fa of al-Bukh_a_r_i_, 35, 79-81 _S_a_hih_ of Muslim, 80, ff. Sa‘_i_d ibn A_h_mad ibn ‘Abd All_a_h, 45 Sa’i_h_s, 172 Saladin; see _S_al_ah_ ad-D_i_n As-salaf, 157, 190, 297 _S_al_ah_, 292, 343; cf. A_s_la_h_ _S_al_ah_ ad-D_i_n, 49, 241 Salam, 353 Salam_a_n, 253, f. Salam_i_ya, 44 _S_al_a_t, _S_alaw_a_t, 178, 292, 293, 352 _Sa_li_h_, the prophet, 346 Sal_i_m, Ottoman Sul_ta_n, 56 Salj_u_qs, 207 _S_al_uhi_ qad_i_m, 328 Sam‘, 292, 294, 333 Sam_a_’ ad-Dunya, 297 _S_amam, 340 S_a_m_a_nids, 36 Samarqand, 82, 187, 207 Sam_i_‘, 337, 349 _S_an‘_a_, 36 As-San_u_s_i_, Mu_h_ammad ibn ‘Al_i_, 61, 120, 244, 269, 273, 284 As-San_u_s_i_, Mu_h_ammad ibn Y_u_suf, 315-318, 322, 323, 328, 334, 341, 347 Sar_i_ as-Saqa_ti_, 175-177, 268 Satan, 298, 299; cf. shay_ta_n _S_awm, 292; cf. _S_iy_a_m Sayf ad-Dawla, the Hamd_a_nid, 162, 165 Sayyid Murta_da_, 285, 300