Relics that can be attributed with certainty to the prehistoric Iron Age
are rare, partly, no doubt, because iron so quickly rusts away. Some
very remarkable remains of this period were however found on Stamford
Hill near Plymouth, during the construction of a fort, when the workmen
dug into an ancient burial-ground, in which, in addition to human bones,
were discovered red, black, and yellow pottery, mirrors and finger
rings of bronze, fragments of beautiful amber-tinted glass, and some
much-corroded cutting-instruments of iron. In the old camp called Holne
Chase Castle, a man digging out a rabbit came upon about a dozen bars
of rusty iron, two feet long, nearly two inches broad, and a quarter of
an inch thick, which although at first mistaken, as has been the case
elsewhere, for unfinished sword-blades, were subsequently identified
as specimens of the iron currency-bars which passed as money among the
ancient Britons. British coins of gold, silver, and copper have been
found in several places, particularly at Exeter and at Mount Batten near
Plymouth. The commonest are of what is known as the Channel Islands
type, bearing the effigy of a horse rudely imitated from the Macedonian
stater, and probably struck about 200 B.C.
A special feature of the prehistoric antiquities of Devonshire is the
great number of camps or hill-forts, of which there are more than 140;
some in the heart of the county, some on the coast, often on prominent
headlands, and some along the lines of division between this and the
adjoining shires; showing in many instances great military skill and
knowledge both in construction and in the choice of good, defensive
sites. Two of the most remarkable of the many strongholds, both near
Honiton, are the great encampment of Dumpdon and the magnificently
planned fortress of Hembury--a monument of military skill. Another fine
example is Hawkesdown, the strongest of the chain of border forts--of
which Membury and Musbury are two important links--built along the
river Axe as defences against the ancient inhabitants of Dorsetshire.
One of the largest and most elaborate of all is Clovelly Dykes, twenty
acres in extent, and defended by from three to five lines of intricate
earthworks. Another remarkable fort, and the largest in the county, is
Milber Down, two miles south-east of Newton Abbot.
[Illustration: Bronze Centaur forming the Head of a Roman Standard
(Found at Sidmouth)]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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