There is no real clue to the makers of these fortresses. Roman coins
have been found in several of them, but there is not one which competent
authorities attribute to the Romans, and it is probable that they were
built by British tribes during the ages of Bronze and of Iron, but
perhaps chiefly by the Gaels or Goidels. A few of them have played a
part in modern history. Cadbury, for instance, was occupied by Fairfax
in 1645; and in 1688 the Prince of Orange parked his artillery in the
great fort of Milber Down, a camp which it is thought was not only
occupied but adapted by the Romans.
The Romans, as was pointed out in the previous chapter, left
comparatively few traces in Devonshire; and at only twelve spots in the
county have Roman relics other than coins been discovered. At Exeter,
the only town where there seems to have been continuous occupation,
there have been found the foundations of the city walls, a bath, several
tesselated pavements--one of which has been relaid in the hall of the
police-court, on the spot where it was discovered--statuettes in bronze
and in stone, engraved gems, lamps--one encrusted with lizards, toads,
and newts--many pieces of finely decorated Samian pottery, and great
numbers of coins. The finest mosaic pavement was that found at Uplyme,
on the site of one of the only two known Roman villas in the county.
Coins have been dug up in many places. Considerable hoards have been
discovered at Compton Gifford, Holcombe, Tiverton, and Widworthy. The
largest, however, was at Kingskerswell, where 2000 were found together.
Perhaps the most remarkable Roman relic was a bronze object found on
the beach at Sidmouth, believed to be the head of a standard, and
representing Chiron the Centaur carrying Achilles.
Except as regards coins, of which great numbers are in existence,
especially, as has been stated, in the Royal Museum at Stockholm, few
antiquities that can be ascribed to the Saxons have been found in
Devonshire. One remarkable relic, now in the British Museum, was a
bronze sword-hilt, dug up in Exeter in 1833, finely ornamented with
key-pattern, and inscribed LEOFRIC·ME·FEC(IT). Part of the
lettering is inverted, a fact which at first entirely disguised the
real words. One of the treasures of Exeter Cathedral is an Old English
manuscript headed "A Mycel Englisc Bok," placed in the Chapter Library
by Leofric, who in 1050 was bishop of the diocese. It contains some of
the work of Cynewulf and his school. One poem has been thus translated:
"To the Frisian wife
comes a dear welcome guest;
the keel is at rest;
his vessel is come;
her husband is home;
her own cherished lord
she leads to the board;
his wet weeds she wrings;
dry garments she brings.
Ah, happy is he
whom, home from the sea
his true love awaits."
[Illustration: Saxon Sword-hilt]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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