Transcriber's Notes: Underscores "_" before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ in the original text. Equal signs "=" before and after a word or phrase indicate =bold= in the original text. Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. Hyphenation in the original is inconsistent, this has been retained. Subscripts are represented as _N and superscripts are represented as ^N where “N” is an integer. DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES DICTIONARY OF EXPLOSIVES BY ARTHUR MARSHALL A.C.G.I., F.I.C., F.C.S. CHEMICAL INSPECTOR INDIAN ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT PHILADELPHIA P. BLAKISTON’S SON & CO. 1012 WALNUT STREET 1920 _Printed in Great Britain_ INTRODUCTION It is a generation since a dictionary of explosives has been published, and, in the meantime, many new explosives have been introduced. It is hoped, therefore, that this small volume, giving concise information about these special materials, may prove useful to those who have to deal with them. In Cundill and Thomson’s “Dictionary of Explosives,” issued in 1895, there are many entries of the names of inventors and of mixtures which had been proposed but have never been used commercially, nor are likely to be. As modern explosives were then in their infancy, it was no doubt wise to insert all the available information whether it appeared to be important or not; but now it seems to me better to restrict the scope of the dictionary so as to keep its size within moderate limits. Practically only explosives with special or proprietary names are therefore dealt with here. For information concerning chemical substances, such as the nitro-toluenes and other nitro-compounds, reference should be made to the textbooks on explosives and chemistry. A few words may, however, be said here about the nitrocelluloses. These are made by treating cellulose with a mixture of nitric and sulphuric acids, and then purifying the product by washing it thoroughly with hot water. The variety of cellulose most used for this purpose is cotton, and the product obtained from it is frequently called nitrocotton, three special varieties of which are collodion cotton, pyrocollodion and guncotton (_q. v._). The only other form of cellulose which is nitrated on a commercial scale is “chemical cellulose” obtained by the treatment of wood or straw. Nitrated wood cellulose has long been used for the manufacture of smokeless powders for shot-guns, and during the War the Germans made powders for rifled fire-arms from it. No trouble has been spared to make the dictionary complete and accurate, but there must inevitably be omissions and errors in it, especially as regards the explosives of foreign countries. The author will be grateful for any additional information that may be sent him.