It is also formed by placing _na_ after the root; e.g., _ague na_ 'do not offer,' _mixe na_ 'do not show,' _mesare na_ 'do not do.' The roots which end in _xi_ or _ji_, but are in the first conjugation,[89] change the _i_ to _e_ to form the negative imperative; e.g., _sǒ xe na_ or _só maraxe na_ 'do not do that,' _sǒ zonze na_ [_só zonje na_] 'do not think that.' The optative is formed by placing _negavacuva_ or _avare_ before the negative imperative and placing _caxi_ or _gana_ after it; e.g., _avare aguru na caxi_ 'oh! if only you would not offer,' and _negavacuva na ague so gana_ with the same meaning. The preterit of the optative is formed by placing _mono vo_ after the negative future; e.g., _aguru mai mono vo_ 'oh! if only you would not have offered.' The negative subjunctive is formed by changing the _u_ which ends the negative present to _eba_; e.g., _agueneba_ 'since he did not offer.' The preterit of the subjunctive is formed by adding _reba_ to the negative preterit of the indicative; e.g., _aguenanda reba_ 'since he had not offered.' {133} The future of the subjunctive is formed by adding _qereba_ to the negative future; e.g., _niguru mai qereba_ 'since he is not going to escape.' The permissive subjunctive is formed by adding _domo_ to the negative present after changing the final _u_ of the verb to _e_; e.g., _aguenedomo_ 'although he cannot offer.' They also say, and this usage is preferred, _aguenaidemo_ or _agueidemo_ 'even if he not offer.'[90] The preterit of the permissive subjunctive is formed by placing _redomo_ after the negative preterit; e.g., _aguenanda redomo_ 'although he had not offered.' _Aguenaidemo_ or _agueidemo_ 'although he would not be allowed to offer,' is also said. The permissive future is formed by adding _qeredomo_ to the negative future; e.g., _aguru mai qeredomo_ 'although he is not going to be allowed to offer.' (28 Another way of forming the permissive subjunctive is to place the particle _tomo_ after the negative root; e.g., _aguezu tomo_ 'although he is not going to be able to offer.' It is also formed by placing _tote_ after the [negative] present subjunctive; e.g., _agueneba tote_. A third way is to add _mamaio_ or _madeio_ to the negative present; e.g., _aguenu mamaio_ or _aguenu madeio_ 'although he cannot offer.' The preterit is formed by placing _ritomo_ after the negative preterit; e.g., _aguenanda ritomo_ 'although he had not offered.' It is also formed by placing _tote_ after the negative preterit of the subjunctive; e.g., _aguenanda reba tote_, or better, _aguenaidemo_ or _agueidemo_ 'although he does not offer, or had not offered.' The future is formed by placing _tomo_ after the negative future; e.g., _aguemai tomo_ 'although he is not going to offer,' _vochiidemo_ 'although he will not fall.'