The present, preterit, and future infinitives are the present, preterit, and future negative indicative present tenses followed by _coto_ or _to_; e.g., _aguenu coto_ 'not to offer,' _aguenanda coto_ 'not to have offered,' _aguru mai coto_ 'not to be going to offer.' Sometimes they use the negative present instead of the preterit in all the conjugations; e.g., _mi maraxenu_ 'I did not see.' {134} The negative gerund in _Di_ is the same as the negative present or future; e.g., _aguenu_ or _aguru mai_ 'of not offering.' The gerund in _Do_ is formed by placing _ni_ after the negative root or the negative present tense; e.g., _aguezuni_ or _aguenuni_ 'by not offering.' The same meaning is obtained with _agueide_, _aguenaide_ or _aguezu xite_. The gerund in _Dum_ is formed by placing _tote_ or _tame_ after the [negative] present or future of the indicative; e.g., _aguenu tame_ or _aguru mai tote_ 'in order not to offer.' The present, preterit, and future participles are formed by adding _fito_ or _mono_ to the negative of the present, preterit, and future indicatives; e.g., _aguenu fito_ 'he who is not offering,' _aguenanda mono_ 'he who did not offer,' _aguru mai mono_ 'he who will not offer,' _aguenaide cara_ or _agueide nochi_ 'after he had not offered, after they did not offer, or after it was not offered.' (29 _The Second Affirmative Conjugation_ All the roots of the second conjugation end in _i_ and form their present tense by changing _i_ to _u_; e.g., _iomi:iomu_ 'I read.' If the root ends in _chi_ it changes its ending to _tçu_ e.g., _machi:matçu_ 'I wait.' If the root ends in _xi_ it changes to _su_; e.g., _coroxi:corosu_ 'I kill.' For the preterit, if the root ends in _ami_ it changes to _óda_; e.g., _cami:códa_ 'I ate, or chewed.' If it ends in _ebi_ or _emi_ it changes to _eôda_; e.g., _saqebi:saqeôda_ 'I am injured,' _sonemi:soneoda_ [_soneôda_] 'I envied, or I had envy.' If it ends in _obi_ or _omi_ it changes to _ôda_; e.g., _corobi:corôda_ 'he fell,' _comi:côda_ 'it enclosed itself.' If it ends in _umi_ it changes to _únda_ [_unda_]; e.g., _casumi:casunda_ 'it is cloudy.' The same change is made for roots ending in _imi_; e.g., _canaximi:canaxúnda_ [_canaxunda_] 'he became sad.' If it ends in _gui_ it changes to _ida_; e.g., _fegui:feida_ 'it is divided.' _Xini,uru_ has the preterit _xinda_ 'he is dead,' and _ini:uru_ has the preterit _inda_ 'he left.' While in this respect they [_xini_ and _ini_] are in the second conjugation, in the other tenses they are in the first. A root ending in _chi_ or _ri_ changes in the preterit to _tta_; e.g., _mochi:motçu_ in the preterit becomes _motta_ 'he received,' _chiri,u:chitta_ 'it is scattered.' Those which end in _xi_ or _qi_ change to _ita_; e.g., _coroxi,u:coroita_ 'he killed,' _qiqi,u:qiita_ 'he heard,' _xiqi,u:xiita_ 'he stretched it out.' {135}