The future is formed by changing the _i_ in which the root ends to _ó, ǒzu, ózuru_; e.g., _iomó_, _iomǒzu_, or _iomózuru_ 'you will read.' If the root ends in _chi_ it changes to _tó_; e.g., _machi:mató_ 'I shall wait.' A root ending in _xi_ changes to _só_; e.g., _móxi,u:mósó_ 'I shall say, or speak.' The imperative is formed by changing the _i_ in which the root ends to _e_; e.g., _iomi:iome_ 'read! or may you read.' If the root ends in _chi_ it changes to _te_; e.g., _machi:mate_ 'wait!' The imperative is also formed by changing the _nu_ in which the negative present ends to _ai_; if you remove the _nu_ from _iomanu_ and replace it with _ai_ it gives you _yomai_ 'read!'[91] This is a common rule for the third conjugation, but this imperative is used only when addressing inferiors. The future of the imperative is the future absolute; e.g., (30 _iomó_ 'you will read.' This is used when addressing very low people. The remaining tenses of the optative, subjunctive, gerund, and infinitive are formed in the same way and with the same particles as are used for each in the first conjugation. _The Second Negative Conjugation_ The root of the negative second conjugation is made by changing _i_, in which the affirmative root ends, to _azu_; e.g., _iomi:iomazu_ 'not reading.' If the root ends in _chi_ the present tense is formed by changing it to _tanu_; e.g., _machi:matanu_ 'I do not wait.' If it ends in _xi_ it changes to _sanu_; e.g., _coroxi:corosanu_ 'I do not kill.' If they end in any other way change _i_ to _anu_; e.g., _corobi:corobanu_ 'I do not fall.' The preterit is formed by changing the _nu_ of the present tense to _nanda_; e.g., _corobanu:corobananda_ 'I did not fall,' _iomananda_ 'I did not read.' The other tenses are formed in the same way as the negative first conjugation. _The Third Affirmative Conjugation_ The roots of the third conjugation end in _ai_, _oi_, or _ui_. Those ending in _ai_ change to _ó_ to form the present; e.g., _narai:naró_ 'I learn.' Those {136} ending in _oi_ change to _ô_; e.g., _vomoi:vomô_ 'I think.' Those ending in _ui_ change to _ú_; e.g., _cui:cú_ 'I eat.' The preterit is formed by adding _ta_ to the present tense; e.g., _naróta_ 'I learned,' _vomôta_ 'I thought,' _cúta_ 'I ate.' The pluperfect is formed by changing the final _a_ of the preterit to _e_ and adding the verb _gozaru_ in the present and _gozatta_ in the past, in the same way as we have described for the first conjugation; e.g., _naróte gozaru_ or _narǒte gozatta_ 'I have already learned.' The future is formed by changing the final _i_ of the root to _vó_, _vózu_, or _vózuru_; e.g., _naravó_, _naravǒzu_, or _naravózuru_ 'I shall learn.' If the root ends in _oi_ it is changed to _vô_, _vôzu_, or _vôzuru_ [_vǒ_, _vǒzu_, (31 or _vǒzuru_]; e.g., _vomoi:vomouô_, _vomovozu_, or _vomovôzuru_ [_vomoi:vomovǒ_, _vomovǒzu_, or _vomovǒzuru_] 'I shall think.'[92]