Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese LanguageCollado, Diego
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Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language
Collado, Diego
Japanese language -- Grammar
The particle _ga_ means 'but;' _só iú ga; nanto aró ca?_ 'they say so, but
will it be so?' or 'it may be so, but I don't know for certain,' _furi va
furu mai ga, fune no dasu coto naró ca xiranu_ 'it's not raining any more,
but I still don't know if it will be possible to launch the boat or not,'
_sono qinpen ni va gozaru mai ga; doco cara toraxeraruru zo?_ (20)[124]
'there are probably none in the neighborhood, or in the surroundings, so
from where can they be gotten?'
{150}
The particle _gotoqu_ is added to the present, preterit, and future tenses
meaning 'in the same way'; e.g., _coxiraiuru gotoqu_ 'in the same way as
you furnish or carry out,' _qiita gotoqu_ 'as I heard.' The form is
sometimes _ga gotoqu_; e.g., _móxita ga gotoqu_ 'as he said,' _caracavózu
ga gotoqu_ 'as in jest I will tease or laugh at.' This same meaning is
obtained with _iǒni_; _Nifon no catagui vo xirareta iǒni, vôxeraruru_
(122v) 'he speaks as one who knows the customs of Japan,'[125] _mósu ióni_
'as I say.' The particle _furi_ is also used for the same purpose; e.g.,
_toza no chijocu vo nogareôzuru tameni catana vo saita furi vo mixerareta_
(123) 'he showed himself wearing his sword in order to avoid the danger of
infamy.' _minu furi vo saxerareta_ (123) 'he made it known that he did not
see.'
The particle _saie_ is used [with the negative] to mean 'not at all'; e.g.,
_mma saie nacatta_ (118)[126] 'there are not any horses at all,' _cotoba
saie xiranu mono_ (118) 'he does not know how to speak at all,' _ji saie
mixiranu mono_ 'he does not know any letters at all.' This same particle is
used for emphasis; e.g., _qiden to saie mǒxeba_ (119) 'it would (44 suffice
if you were to say that you are,' _Padre no tçucavaruru to saie móxeba_ 'if
only he had said that this was useful to the priest,' or one might say 'it
would suffice if, etc.'
The particle _qere_ is a confirmative particle which comes at the end of a
sentence with the meaning 'therefore'; e.g., _maitta qere_ 'therefore he
came,' _sate só aru qere_ 'finally this is the situation.'[127]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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