Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese LanguageCollado, Diego
History
Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language
Collado, Diego
Japanese language -- Grammar
_First Section_[141]
Adverbs are formed from adjectives ending in _ai_ by changing the _ai_ to
_ó_; e.g., _fucó_ 'deeply,' for those ending in _oi_ by changing the _oi_
to _ô_; e.g., _caxico_ [_caxicô_] 'wisely,' for those ending in _ei_ by
changing the _ei_ to _eô_; e.g., _xigueo_ [_xigueô_] 'densely,' for those
ending in _ui_ by changing the _ui_ to _ú_; e.g., _aiǔ_ 'in danger,' and
for those ending in _ij_ by changing the _ij_ to _iú_; e.g., _cavaiú_
'unhappily.'
_Adverbs of Place_[142]
The interrogative pronouns are eight in number; _izzucu_[?], _izzucata_[?],
_donata_[?], _doco?_, _dochi?_, _dochira?_, _dono tocoro_[?], and _dono
fǒ?_, and they signify 'which place?' To these adverbs are added the
particles _va_, _no_, _ni_, _ie_, _vo_, _cara_, and _iori_ according to the
case required, such as 'from where,' 'whither,' 'through which place,' 'in
what place,' etc. _Made_ can also be added to them with the meaning of 'to
the limit of which'; _doco made ie iqó ca_[?] 'up to where will you go?'
The interrogative particle, _ca?_ or _zo_[?], is added to these questions
but it is better to use _zo_ rather than _ca_ in sentences with an
interrogative particle; e.g., _izzuru ie maitta zo_ 'where did you go,'
_dono tocoro vo tovotta zo_ 'at which place did you cross,' _doco iori itta
zo_ 'through where did he enter,' _dochi cara qita zo?_ 'from where did he
come?', {157} _donata va Pedro no iado zo_[?] 'which is Peter's house?',
_doco ni voru zo_[?] 'where, or in what place is he?' One may respond in
many ways; _cono tocoro_, _coto moto_, [_coco moto_], _core_, _conata_,
_cochi_, _cochira_, _coco_, _cocora_, _cono cata_, _cono fǒ_, which mean
'here (_hic_)'; _sono tocoro_, _soco moto_, _sore_, _sonata_, _sochi_,
_sochira_, _soco_, _socora_, _sono cata_, _sono fǒ_ (50 which mean 'there
(_istic_)'; _ano tocoro_, _asoco moto_, _are_, _anata_, _achi_, _achira_,
_asoco_, _asocora_, _ano cata_, _anofó_, which mean 'there (_illic_).' To
these particles are added the case particles. The interrogative adverbs
with the case particles and _mo_ added mean 'everywhere,' 'through every
place,' or 'to every place,' e.g., _dono tocoro ie mo tovorǒ_ 'I shall go
everywhere,' _doco ni mo_ 'everywhere,' _doco cara mo_ 'from everywhere.'
However, if, instead of _mo_, _nari tomo_ is added the meaning becomes 'any
place,' in a distributive sense; e.g., _doco ie nari tomo mairǒ_ 'I shall
go to each place individually.' The same meaning is obtained by _doco zo_
with the case particles placed between the _doco_ and the _zo_; e.g., _doco
ni zo aru fodo ni_ 'if someone is any place.' _Coco caxico_ means 'here and
there.' _Doco mo caxico mo_ means 'the whole place.' The case particles are
placed before _mo_; e.g., _doco ni mo caxico ni mo_ 'in the whole place,'
but after the adverb; e.g., _coco caxico ni_ 'here and there,' _coco caxico
ie doco_, _caxico iori_ [_coco caxico ie_ 'to here and there,' _coco caxico
iori_ 'from here and there'], etc.[143]
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