Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese LanguageCollado, Diego
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Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language
Collado, Diego
Japanese language -- Grammar
_Superlative Adverbs_[156]
_Uie_ means 'the highest'; e.g., _christian no voxiie va izzure iori mo uie
de gozaru_ 'the doctrine and faith of Christianity are supreme, or above
all,' _cono saqe no uie va nai_ 'there is no better wine than that.' _Ichi_
or _daiichi_ means 'supreme, or unique'; e.g., _gacuxǒ no uchi ni Sancto
Thomas daiichi de gozatta_ 'among wise men Saint Thomas was the best,'
_core va are iori uie_ 'this is superior to that.' The particle _xita_ has
the opposite meaning of 'inferior, or the lowest'; e.g., _xiqitai va anima
iori xita de gozaru_ (141) 'the body is inferior to the soul.'
_Adverbs of Intensity and Exaggeration_[157]
_Ichidan_, _chicagoro_, and _iccǒ_ mean 'intensely (_valde_)'; e.g.,
_chicagoro no vo cocoro gaqe de gozaru_ 'this is the greatest care and
diligence,' _sore va icco varui coto gia_ 'this is extremely bad.'
_Bexxite_ means 'chiefly,' _tori vaqe_ means 'especially,' _coto no foca_
means 'rarely, or extraordinarily,' _icanimo_ means 'intensely,' and
_amarini_ means 'too much.' As has been said, adverbs are formed from
adjectives according to the rules above, and these adverbs mean adverbially
what the adjectives mean adjectivally; e.g., _fucai_ means 'deep,' and
_fucó_ means 'deeply.' _Icani mo xizzucani_ means 'extremely quietly,'
_tani coto ni_ means 'extraordinarily,' and _xitatacani_ or _guiósanni_
means 'in a way that is to be feared' that is to say 'too much.' See the
dictionary.[158]
_Accumulative Adverbs_[159]
_Voxinabete_ means 'universally'; _sôbet_ means 'generally,' as do
_tçuneni_ and _sojite_ [_sôjite_]; _feijeini_ means 'regularly'; and
_voioso_, _tabun_, _vocata_, _ioppodoni_ mean 'for the most part,' and
_qeccu_ or _caiette_ (56 means 'after all.' _Tennen_ means 'perhaps,' as do
_xijen_ and _icasama_. _Sadamete_ means 'probably,' _canarazu_ means
'without doubt,' _moxi xijien_ [_moxi xijen_] means 'perhaps,' _xǒtocu_
means 'naturally,' _jinen_ {163} means 'by chance,' _xidai vidai ni_ or
_jen jen ni_ means 'gradually,' and _vonozzucara_ means 'by oneself.'
_Adverbs that Conclude and Claim Attention_[160]
_Ficqiǒ_ and _tçuini_ mean 'finally, or in conclusion.' _Tçugǒ_ means 'in
summary.' _Nǒ nǒ_ means 'is it not so?' e.g., _nǒ nǒ icani qicaxeruru ca?_
'do you hear me then?' _Moxi_[161] means 'ho there (_heus_),' but it is an
elegant word; e.g., _moxi Padre sama_ 'ho there, Reverend Father.' _Iare_
also means 'ho there,' but with inferiors; e.g., _iare tarǒ quaja to iieba_
'saying "Ho there, Tarōkaja."' _Iai_ means 'ho there' with very low people;
e.g., _iai sochi ga motta mono va nani zo?_ 'hey! what is it that you
bring?' _Ia_ has the same meaning; e.g., _ia vo tono bara domo va nani vo
savagu zo?_ (128) 'hey! you soldiers and good men, why do you quarrel?' The
particle _ai_ has the same meaning but it is placed after the sentence;
e.g., _izzure mo mina qiqe ai_ (129) 'hey! all of you listen.'
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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