Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese LanguageCollado, Diego
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Diego Collado's Grammar of the Japanese Language
Collado, Diego
Japanese language -- Grammar
The nominative is placed at the beginning of the sentence and the verb at
the end: the remaining elements are placed according to the cadence
(_cadentia_) of the sentence; e.g., _Pedro va Nagasaqi de xutrai xita iqi
iqi ni tçuite juan vo coroita_ 'Peter killed John because of an argument
that took place in Nagasaki.' In certain sentences of serious import a
substitute verb (_verbum suppositum_) is placed after the verb, but this is
rare; e.g., _tare mo canavanu futari no qimi ni tçucǒru coto va_ (84)[175]
'no one can serve two masters.' In this sentence the substitute verb is
_tçucǒru coto va_. _Core ni iote tanomi tatematçuru itçumo virgen_ [_Core
ni iotte_ ...] (84) 'therefore I pray to the ever virgin [Mary].'
Clauses (_orationes_) in the absolute or permissive subjunctive,
infinitive, conditional, and causative are always placed before clauses
that are in the indicative or imperative, even if it does not make sense
{169} in Latin or any other European language; e.g., _achi cara tomeraruru
tomo; tomaru na_ 'do not stay, even if they want you to remain,' _sore vo
qiitareba, fara vo tatete modotta_ 'when he heard that, he came back very
angry,' _taxicani uqetamotta ni iotte coso, móxi ague maraxitare_ 'I
listened carefully, and then I spoke,' _faiǒ gozatta raba vo mexi vo xinjô
mono vo_ 'if you had come earlier, I would have offered you food.'
When there are two verbs in the same sentence, the first will (62 be in the
gerund form and the other will be in the tense that is required by the
sense of the sentence; e.g., _core vo totte giqi ni mi ga comono ni vataxe_
'take this and give it to my servant at once.'
When there are two or more clauses which have the same subject or tense,
only the last verb will be in the tense that is required by the sense of
the sentence. The other verbs will be in the root form, while still others
will be in the gerund in _e_ form; e.g., _tovazunba cotaiezu, voxe raba
tçuxxinde qiqi_ [_tovazũba_ ... _vôxe_ ... _qiqe_] (85v)[176] 'if they
don't ask don't answer: if they speak listen carefully,' _Deus no vo coto
vo macoto ni uqe, go voqite mo camavaide, sono mama inferno ni vochita_ 'he
did not believe in God, and he did not respect His precepts; therefore, he
fell into Hell.'
Verbs are always placed in the third person to indicate honor. No one
honors himself except the king when he is speaking of himself; e.g.,
_iorocobi ni voboximesu_ 'I am enjoying it very much.'
When there are many adjectives in a sentence, they will all be in the
adverbial form except the last; e.g., _qe nangǒ, iro curô, icanimo
utçucuxij mono_ [_qe nagǒ_ ...][177] 'a very beautiful person with long,
black hair.'
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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