Directions for Cooking by Troops, in Camp and Hospital: Prepared for the Army of Virginia, and published by order of the Surgeon General, with essays on "taking food," and "what food."Nightingale, Florence
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Directions for Cooking by Troops, in Camp and Hospital: Prepared for the Army of Virginia, and published by order of the Surgeon General, with essays on "taking food," and "what food."
Nightingale, Florence
Cooking for military personnel; Cooking for the sick; Quantity cooking
I will mention one or two of the most common errors among women in
charge of sick respecting sick diet.—One is the belief that beef tea is
the most nutritive of all articles. Now, just try and boil down a lb.
of beef into beef tea, evaporate your beef tea and see what is left of
your beef. You will find that there is barely a teaspoonful of solid
nourishment to half a pint of water in beef tea; nevertheless there is
a certain reparative quality in it, we do not know what, as there is in
tea;—but it may safely be given in almost any inflammatory disease, and
is as little to be depended upon with the healthy or convalescent where
much nourishment is required. Again, it is an ever ready saw that an
egg is equivalent to a lb. of meat,—whereas it is not at all so. Also,
it is seldom noticed with how many patients, particularly of nervous or
bilious temperament, eggs disagree. All puddings made with eggs, are
distasteful to them in consequence. An egg, whipped up with wine, is
often the only form in which they can take this kind of nourishment.
Again, if the patient has attained to eating meat, it is supposed that
to give him meat is the only thing needful for his recovery; whereas
scorbutic sores have been actually known to appear among sick persons
living in the midst of plenty in England, which could be traced to no
other source than this, viz.: that the nurse, depending on meat alone,
had allowed the patient to be without vegetables for a considerable
time, these latter being so badly cooked that he always left them
untouched. Arrow-root is another grand dependence of the nurse. As a
vehicle for wine, and as a restorative quickly prepared, it is all
very well. But it is nothing but starch and water. Flour is both more
nutritive, and less liable to ferment, and is preferable wherever it
can be used.
Again, milk, and the preparations from milk, are a most important
article of food for the sick. Butter is the lightest kind of animal
fat, and though it wants the sugar and some of the other elements
which there are in milk, yet it is most valuable both in itself and
in enabling the patient to eat more bread. Flour, oats, groats,[3]
barley, and their kind, are, as we have already said; preferable in
all their preparations to all the preparations of arrowroot, sago,
tapioca, and their kind. Cream, in many long chronic diseases, is quite
irreplaceable by any other article whatever. It seems to act in the
same manner as beef tea, and to most it is much easier of digestion
than milk. In fact, it seldom disagrees. Cheese is not usually
digestible by the sick, but it is pure nourishment for repairing waste;
and I have seen sick, and not a few either, whose craving for cheese
showed how much it was needed by them.[4]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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