Dirigible BalloonsHayward, Charles B. (Charles Brian)
History
Dirigible Balloons
Hayward, Charles B. (Charles Brian)
Aeronautics; Airships
The amount of fuel supplied to any one of the motor units can likewise
be controlled from a central board, and this is also true of the ballast
release apparatus, so that water can be emptied from any one of the
ballast tanks at will, thus facilitating ascent or descent by lightening
one end or the other. Elevating and steering surfaces are operated by
small hand-steering wheels with cables passing around their drums, a
member of the crew being stationed at each of these controlling wheels.
Owing to the number of motors used, the instrument board is the most
formidable appearing piece of apparatus on the bridge, since there is a
revolution counter for each power unit in addition to the numerous other
instruments required. Some of these instruments are the aneroid
barometer for indicating the altitude, transverse and longitudinal
clinometers to show the amount of heel and the angle at which the
airship is traveling with relation to the horizontal, the anemometer, or
air-speed indicator, manometers, or pressure gauges, for each one of the
gas bags, fuel and ballast supply gauges, drift indicators, electric
bomb releasers, mileage recorders, and the like. In addition to these,
there are a large chart and a compass, so the navigating bridge of a
Zeppelin combines in small space all the instruments to be found in the
engine room and on the bridge of an ocean liner besides several which
the latter does not require. That the proper coordination of all the
functions mentioned is an exceedingly difficult task for one man seems
evident from the numerous Zeppelins that have apparently wrecked
themselves.
*Crew Carried.* In the various Zeppelins that have been captured or shot
down by the British or French, the personnel has varied from fifteen to
thirty men but in the majority of instances has not exceeded twenty. The
positions and duties are about as follows: The commander,
lieutenant-commander, and chief engineer, and possibly a navigating
officer are stationed at the bridge. Two or three of the crew are also
stationed there to work the manually operated controls. In the cabin
just back of the bridge are two wireless operators and one or two engine
attendants for the motors in the engine room behind the wireless room. A
similar number of engine attendants are stationed in the after engine
room and there is at least one attendant for each of the other motor
units. One man is stationed at each machine gun, of which there are
three to five on the "roof" and two in each car, and at least as many
bombers are needed to load the "droppers." As a reserve there are
usually an additional gun pointer for each gun and an extra engine
attendant, since to run continuously most of the crew would have to
stand watch and watch as in marine practice. The sleeping accommodations
consist of canvas hammocks slung in the gangway.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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