Discourses on Satire and on Epic PoetryDryden, John
History
Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry
Dryden, John
Epic poetry; Satire; Satire -- History and criticism
I have already declared who are the only persons that are the adequate
object of private satire, and who they are that may properly be exposed
by name for public examples of vices and follies, and therefore I will
trouble your lordship no further with them. Of the best and finest
manner of satire, I have said enough in the comparison betwixt Juvenal
and Horace; it is that sharp well-mannered way of laughing a folly out of
countenance, of which your lordship is the best master in this age. I
will proceed to the versification which is most proper for it, and add
somewhat to what I have said already on that subject. The sort of verse
which is called “burlesque,” consisting of eight syllables or four feet,
is that which our excellent Hudibras has chosen. I ought to have
mentioned him before when I spoke of Donne, but by a slip of an old man’s
memory he was forgotten. The worth of his poem is too well known to need
my commendation, and he is above my censure. His satire is of the
Varronian kind, though unmixed with prose. The choice of his numbers is
suitable enough to his design as he has managed it; but in any other hand
the shortness of his verse, and the quick returns of rhyme, had debased
the dignity of style. And besides, the double rhyme (a necessary
companion of burlesque writing) is not so proper for manly satire, for it
turns earnest too much to jest, and gives us a boyish kind of pleasure.
It tickles awkwardly, with a kind of pain to the best sort of readers; we
are pleased ungratefully, and, if I may say so, against our liking. We
thank him not for giving us that unseasonable delight, when we know he
could have given us a better and more solid. He might have left that
task to others who, not being able to put in thought, can only makes us
grin with the excrescence of a word of two or three syllables in the
close. It is, indeed, below so great a master to make use of such a
little instrument. But his good sense is perpetually shining through all
he writes; it affords us not the time of finding faults: we pass through
the levity of his rhyme, and are immediately carried into some admirable
useful thought. After all, he has chosen this kind of verse, and has
written the best in it, and had he taken another he would always have
excelled; as we say of a court favourite, that whatsoever his office be,
he still makes it uppermost and most beneficial to himself.
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