Discourses on Satire and on Epic PoetryDryden, John
History
Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry
Dryden, John
Epic poetry; Satire; Satire -- History and criticism
The quickness of your imagination, my lord, has already prevented me; and
you know beforehand that I would prefer the verse of ten syllables, which
we call the English heroic, to that of eight. This is truly my opinion,
for this sort of number is more roomy; the thought can turn itself with
greater ease in a larger compass. When the rhyme comes too thick upon
us, it straitens the expression; we are thinking of the close when we
should be employed in adorning the thought. It makes a poet giddy with
turning in a space too narrow for his imagination; he loses many beauties
without gaining one advantage. For a burlesque rhyme I have already
concluded to be none; or, if it were, it is more easily purchased in ten
syllables than in eight. In both occasions it is as in a tennis-court,
when the strokes of greater force are given, when we strike out and play
at length. Tassoni and Boileau have left us the best examples of this
way in the “Seechia Rapita” and the “Lutrin,” and next them Merlin
Cocaius in his “Baldus.” I will speak only of the two former, because
the last is written in Latin verse. The “Secchia Rapita” is an Italian
poem, a satire of the Varronian kind. It is written in the stanza of
eight, which is their measure for heroic verse. The words are stately,
the numbers smooth; the turn both of thoughts and words is happy. The
first six lines of the stanza seem majestical and severe, but the two
last turn them all into a pleasant ridicule. Boileau, if I am not much
deceived, has modelled from hence his famous “Lutrin.” He had read the
burlesque poetry of Scarron with some kind of indignation, as witty as it
was, and found nothing in France that was worthy of his imitation; but he
copied the Italian so well that his own may pass for an original. He
writes it in the French heroic verse, and calls it an heroic poem; his
subject is trivial, but his verse is noble. I doubt not but he had
Virgil in his eye, for we find many admirable imitations of him, and some
parodies, as particularly this passage in the fourth of the Æneids—
“_Nec tibi diva parens_, _generis nec Dardanus auctor_,
_Perfide_; _sed duris genuit te cautibus horrens_
_Caucasus_, _Hyrrcanæque admôrunt ubera tigres_:”
which he thus translates, keeping to the words, but altering the sense:—
“_Non_, _ton père à Paris_, _ne fut point boulanger_:
_Et tu n’es point du sang de Gervais_, _l’horloger_;
_Ta mère ne fut point la maîtresse d’un coche_;
_Caucase dans ses flancs te forma d’une roché_;
_Une tigresse affreuse_, _en quelque antre écarté_,
_Te fit_, _avec son lait_, _succer sa cruauté_.”
And as Virgil in his fourth Georgic of the bees, perpetually raises the
lowness of his subject by the loftiness of his words, and ennobles it by
comparisons drawn from empires and from monarchs—
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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