Discourses on Satire and on Epic PoetryDryden, John
History
Discourses on Satire and on Epic Poetry
Dryden, John
Epic poetry; Satire; Satire -- History and criticism
I give not here my translation of these verses, though I think I have not
ill succeeded in them, because your lordship is so great a master of the
original that I have no reason to desire you should see Virgil and me so
near together. But you may please, my lord, to take notice that the
Latin author refines upon the Greek, and insinuates that Homer had done
his hero wrong in giving the advantage of the duel to his own countryman,
though Diomedes was manifestly the second champion of the Grecians; and
Ulysses preferred him before Ajax when he chose him for the companion of
his nightly expedition, for he had a headpiece of his own, and wanted
only the fortitude of another to bring him off with safety, and that he
might compass his design with honour.
The French translator thus proceeds:—“They who accuse Æneas for want of
courage, either understand not Virgil or have read him slightly;
otherwise they would not raise an objection so easy to be answered.”
Hereupon he gives so many instances of the hero’s valour that to repeat
them after him would tire your lordship, and put me to the unnecessary
trouble of transcribing the greatest part of the three last Æneids. In
short, more could not be expected from an Amadis, a Sir Lancelot, or the
whole Round Table than he performs. _Proxima quæque metit galdio_ is the
perfect account of a knight-errant. If it be replied, continues Segrais,
that it was not difficult for him to undertake and achieve such hardy
enterprises because he wore enchanted arms, that accusation in the first
place must fall on Homer ere it can reach Virgil. Achilles was as well
provided with them as Æneas, though he was invulnerable without them; and
Ariosto, the two Tassos (Bernardo and Torquato), even our own Spenser—in
a word, all modern poets—have copied Homer, as well as Virgil; he is
neither the first nor last, but in the midst of them, and therefore is
safe if they are so. Who knows, says Segrais, but that his fated armour
was only an allegorical defence, and signified no more than that he was
under the peculiar protection of the gods? born, as the astrologers will
tell us out of Virgil (who was well versed in the Chaldean mysteries),
under the favourable influence of Jupiter, Venus, and the Sun? But I
insist not on this because I know you believe not there is such an art;
though not only Horace and Persius, but Augustus himself, thought
otherwise. But in defence of Virgil, I dare positively say that he has
been more cautious in this particular than either his predecessor or his
descendants; for Æneas was actually wounded in the twelfth of the
“Æneis,” though he had the same godsmith to forge his arms as had
Achilles. It seems he was no “war-luck,” as the Scots commonly call such
men, who, they say, are iron-free or lead-free. Yet after this
experiment that his arms were not impenetrable (when he was cured indeed
by his mother’s help, because he was that day to conclude the war by the
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