INFECTIOUS DISEASES.--THE HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF EPIDEMICS OF DISEASE.--THE LOSSES IN BATTLE CONTRASTED WITH THE LOSSES IN ARMIES PRODUCED BY INFECTIOUS DISEASES.--THE DEVELOPMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OF EPIDEMICS.--THE VIEWS OF HIPPOCRATES AND ARISTOTLE.--SPORADIC AND EPIDEMIC DISEASES.--THE THEORY OF THE EPIDEMIC CONSTITUTION.--THEORY THAT THE CONTAGIOUS MATERIAL IS LIVING.--THE DISCOVERY OF BACTERIA BY LOEWENHOECK IN 1675.--THE RELATION OF CONTAGION TO THE THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION.--NEEDHAM AND SPALLANZANI.--THE DISCOVERY OF THE COMPOUND MICROSCOPE IN 1605.--THE PROOF THAT A LIVING ORGANISM IS THE CAUSE OF A DISEASE.--ANTHRAX.--THE DISCOVERY OF THE ANTHRAX BACILLUS IN 1851.--THE CULTIVATION OF THE BACILLUS BY KOCH.--THE MODE OF INFECTION.--THE WORK OF PASTEUR ON ANTHRAX.--THE IMPORTANCE OF THE DISEASE 97 CHAPTER VI CLASSIFICATION OF THE ORGANISMS WHICH CAUSE DISEASE.--BACTERIA SIZE SHAPE STRUCTURE CAPACITY FOR GROWTH MULTIPLICATION AND SPORE INFORMATION.--THE ARTIFICIAL CULTIVATION OF BACTERIA.--THE IMPORTANCE OF BACTERIA IN NATURE.--VARIATIONS IN BACTERIA.--SAPROPHYTIC AND PARASITIC FORMS.--PROTOZOA.--STRUCTURE MORE COMPLICATED THAN THAT OF BACTERIA.--DISTRIBUTION IN NATURE.--GROWTH AND MULTIPLICATION.--CONJUGATION AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION.--SPORE FORMATION.--THE NECESSITY FOR A FLUID ENVIRONMENT.--THE FOOD OF PROTOZOA.--PARASITISM.--THE ULTRA MICROSCOPIC OR FILTERABLE ORGANISMS.--THE LIMITATION OF THE MICROSCOPIC.--PORCELAIN FILTERS TO SEPARATE ORGANISMS FROM A FLUID.--FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE PRODUCED BY AN ULTRA MICROSCOPIC ORGANISM.--OTHER DISEASES SO PRODUCED.--DO NEW DISEASES APPEAR? 116 CHAPTER VII THE NATURE OF INFECTION.--THE INVASION OF THE BODY FROM ITS SURFACES.--THE PROTECTION OF THESE SURFACES.--CAN BACTERIA PASS THROUGH AN UNINJURED SURFACE?.--INFECTION FROM WOUNDS.--THE WOUNDS IN MODERN WARFARE LESS PRONE TO INFECTION.--THE RELATION OF TETANUS TO WOUNDS CAUSED BY THE TOY PISTOL.--THE PRIMARY FOCUS OR ATRIUM OF INFECTION.--THE DISSEMINATION OF BACTERIA IN THE BODY.--THE DIFFERENT DEGREES OF RESISTANCE TO BACTERIA SHOWN BY THE VARIOUS ORGANS.--MODE OF ACTION OF BACTERIA.--TOXIN PRODUCTION.--THE RESISTANCE OF THE BODY TO BACTERIA.--CONFLICT BETWEEN PARASITE AND HOST.--ON BOTH SIDES MEANS OF OFFENSE AND DEFENSE.--PHAGOCYTOSIS.--THE DESTRUCTION OF BACTERIA BY THE BLOOD.--THE TOXIC BACTERIAL DISEASES.--TOXIN AND ANTITOXIN.--IMMUNITY.-- THE THEORY OF EHRLICH 135 CHAPTER VIII