There are on our records in addition to the above, several cases of necrotizing processes about the head seeming to emanate from wounds to the mucosa by foreign bodies, by decomposition of pieces of food in crevices or by damage by masses too large to be swallowed. In the few instances where we have tried bacteriology, no definite result has been obtained unless the frequent occurrence of organisms bearing a resemblance to Bact. necrophorus be important. This organism however may be found in many necrotic processes in animals; I do not look upon it as specific in the locations just cited. Mammals as a class do not present many inflammatory conditions around the anterior head, aside from the specific diseases like distemper (?), actinomycosis, Kangaroo disease and the like. Monkeys occasionally have acute coryza, which may indeed seem transmissible to others but it seldom leads to any serious consequences and is untreated, except by segregation. Tuberculous lesions are not recorded. There has been no glossitis aside from lesions involving the pharynx. The tonsils have been discussed under the lymphatic apparatus and it only need be repeated here that inflammation and hypertrophy of these organs are exceedingly rare. Specific or individual diseases of the salivary glands are also rare although these organs may be involved by extension. This general region is not often affected with tumor, unless the jaw be included which bone is the seat of several tumors in antelopes and opossums. Aside from these we have seen an epithelioma of the tongue in a black bear (_Ursus americanus_). LARYNX. The larynx is an organ of fairly uniform construction through the mammalian orders but is conspicuously different in the Aves where it is double. The upper end of the trachea in the latter class is surmounted by a cartilaginous box lying beneath the root of the tongue through which an anteroposterior slit-like opening forms the glottis; there is no epiglottis. This is only an air passage, the voice being made in the syrinx or lower box which lies at the bifurcation of the trachea. The structure of the upper box is quite simple with its lateral plates controlled by the glossal muscles and two external retractors but the syrinx is very complicated and variable in the different orders and even in the same family. It possesses an internal and external set of muscles and in some birds can be opened at one point to permit air to pass to the cervical or thoracic air sacs. Detailed discussion of its anatomy is hardly profitable since there is nothing peculiar about its diseases. On one occasion only have we seen distinct pathological change—what was probably an extension of mould disease from it to the cervical air sac. It is involved in true tracheitis and bronchitis but even these are rare in birds.