All the drugs usually employed against diarrhœa, the antiseptics, astringents, etc., fail, or confer merely momentary benefit. Economically, nothing is to be gained by keeping the patients alive. With great care existence may be prolonged for months, or even for several years, but the animals never regain condition, and are never of any use. The most rapid and lasting good effects follow the administration of 2½ to 8 fluid drachms of hydrochloric acid per day, given in two portions and very freely diluted. DYSENTERY IN CALVES. This disease sometimes appears on the first day after birth, frequently on the second or third. It may be mistaken for septicæmia of umbilical origin. =Symptoms.= The young animal may be born vigorous and in good condition, though this is exceptional. More frequently it is puny and below normal weight. The first evacuation (of meconium) may exhibit the diarrhœic character; in other cases this peculiarity only appears on the second or third day, when half-digested milk is passed. The fluid is greyish, extremely fœtid, and rapidly becomes brownish and blood-stained. Evacuation is frequent and accompanied by tenesmus. The patients at once become very dull, refuse to suck, and resist efforts to feed them by hand. The temperature rises, and the diarrhœa, which at first was of an alimentary character, becomes mucous, serous and blood-stained. The little patients appear “tucked up,” the flanks sink in, the strength diminishes, and in twenty-four hours, or two or three days at most, they die of exhaustion. Recovery is exceptional, and when the disease assumes this character it usually attacks a considerable proportion of the other animals in the byre. =Causation.= The exact cause of this form of dysentery in new-born calves has not yet been identified, but the disease is undoubtedly a microbic enteritis, and may even be a primary septicæmia of puerperal origin. For a very long time this dysentery was mistaken for simple diarrhœa, though it exhibits neither the characteristics, course, nor termination of the latter disease. The co-existence of epizootic abortion and dysentery in certain byres has led some authors to believe that a connection exists between the two diseases, and that the young are infected with dysentery at birth. Evidently, intra-uterine infection is not exceptional, and it seems quite natural that the new-born calf may equally suffer when the fœtal envelopes and fluids are infected before parturition. Epizootic abortion is probably not the only disease which may produce this condition. =The diagnosis= is very simple. The course of the disease and its rapid development prevent it from being mistaken for ordinary diarrhœa. It is more difficult to distinguish from septicæmia of umbilical origin, although this disease also has well-marked characteristics.