=Treatment= includes the measures previously indicated regarding the destruction of germs, eggs, or embryos distributed over the pastures, and the drainage of wet grounds and stagnant pools. Where such diseases are common, the pastures should be dressed with iron sulphate, and the stable manure disinfected or burned. Curative treatment comprises the administration of such anthelmintics as can be given with the food. They should not require to be administered by force, as this proceeding would not only necessitate a great loss of time, but might result in accidents. Arsenious acid, in doses of 15 grains per day, and tartar emetic, in doses of 75 to 150 grains, according to the animal’s size, are among the best drugs for oxen, and may be given for four or five days running. Benzine, oil of turpentine, and empyreumatic oil are more difficult to administer. In the case of sheep, preference should be given to areca nut, in doses of 75 to 120 grains, according to the animal’s size, and to tansy, which are convenient to give, and can be added to bran, oats, or beetroot. Adult tapeworms of oxen are of relatively minor importance, but one tapeworm of sheep, viz., the fringed tapeworm (_Thysanosoma actinioides_), also known as _Tænia fimbriata_; _Moniezia fimbriata_ deserves notice, as at times it forms a veritable scourge to the sheep industry of North America and South America. [Illustration: $1] [Illustration: $1] =Disease.= The disease in sheep caused by the fringed tapeworm has been studied in detail by Curtice, who considers that next to scab it is the most important sheep disease of the western plains of North America. The financial loss it causes is extensive, and results from the failure of the lambs to fatten, the small crop of wool, and the weakening of the animals, so that they cannot withstand cold winter weather. The parasites develop slowly, and are present in considerable numbers before their presence is suspected. Toward September the lambs fail to grow as they should; in November the symptoms are marked. First, the worms produce local irritation of the intestine, which finally develops into a chronic catarrhal inflammation; their presence in the gall-ducts produces similar results, and obstructs the flow of bile; infected lambs are large-headed, under-sized, and hidebound; their gait is rheumatic, and they appear more erratic than the other sheep, standing oftener to stamp at the sheep dogs or herds, and lagging behind the flock when driven; the general symptoms are those of malnutrition, and Curtice considers them nearly identical with the symptoms of the “loco” disease; in fact, he states that it is extremely difficult to distinguish between the two diseases, and believes that the fact that the worms “may tend to produce depraved appetites and a morbid craze for a particular food is also reason for suspecting that the loco disease may depend on the tapeworm disease.” General systemic disturbances result from