Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swineMoussu, G. (Gustave)
Science
Diseases of cattle, sheep, goats and swine
Moussu, G. (Gustave)
Veterinary medicine
=Diagnosis.= Provided that the examination is made soon after the
occurrence of the accident, little difficulty will be found in coming to
a conclusion, but the diagnosis necessitates more care when examination
is deferred for two or three days, because extensive effusion then
exists. Luxations or subluxations of tuberculous origin are generally
consecutive to old-standing destructive tuberculous arthritis.
=The prognosis= is grave—firstly, because reduction is difficult; and,
secondly, because it is often impossible to maintain the reduction and
to preserve complete immobilisation of the injured joint.
=Treatment= should not be undertaken except in young animals which have
not yet attained full development.
In attempting to reduce outward or inward luxation of the tibia the
animal should be cast on the side opposite to the lesion.
Counterextension is practised by passing a length of webbing around the
limb in the region of the groin; extension in the direction of the
length of the femur by means of a loop of webbing fixed to the cannon
bone: the operator uses both hands in endeavouring to replace the head
of the tibia.
In forward luxation of the tibia counter-extension is effected by means
of a loop of webbing passed above the hock and drawn forward. Extension
is made backwards in an oblique direction, the operator again being left
free to effect reduction with both hands.
Reduction of backward luxation of the tibia is still more difficult, in
consequence of the contraction of the mass of muscle at the back of the
thigh.
Plaster bandages are the most convenient means of immobilising the parts
after reduction.
LUXATION OF THE SCAPULO-HUMERAL JOINT.
This luxation, like that of the femoro-tibial articulation, is
exceptional. It may assume one of two forms, depending on whether the
head of the humerus is displaced inwardly, or towards the back of the
glenoid cavity; but as a rule luxation occurs inwardly. Forward luxation
of the head of the humerus is almost impossible, in consequence of the
resistance offered by the tendons of the flexor brachii and antea
spinatus muscles. Similarly, luxation outwards is very difficult, the
tendon of the postea spinatus being very powerful and offering enormous
resistance.
Inwardly, on the other hand, the insertion of the subscapularis is much
less powerful, and there is no real opposition to movement of the head
of the humerus.
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