the Quaker immigrants with a ferocity of which Torquemada might have been proud; but in their turn the American Presbyterians eventually fell a prey to their own factions. While she was still a British colony, England unwisely forced on America bishops consecrated at home; but these very bishops were themselves rejected admittance by persecuting Presbyterians, who regarded Episcopalians as Jacobites, and taunted them as Papists. It was the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel that persistently sought to remedy the gross anomaly of the Bishop of London being the Bishop of America. The Reformation in England was in its essence a national protest against internationalism. Out of it flowed the notion of a _national Church_ like a “national party” (a contradiction in terms but a most remarkable actuality), which it, in common with France, theoretically justified as prior to Roman usurpation. Our Church is one at once rooted in the soil as a civil institution, a source of parish life, a security for local government, a bar at once to oligarchy and bureaucracy, against the exclusion of the many from public life,[89] the trustee of an estate which enables all to become proprietors of the soil, which is, as Disraeli termed it, “the fluctuating patrimony of the great body of the people;” and it is also by inheritance one paramount in the country as a spiritual authority, an educator, a social regenerator, and a mainspring of that tolerance and religious liberty which the great Whig party secured for our country. As Disraeli has pointed out repeatedly, the union of Church and State means the hallowing of the civil power, the investment of secular authority with religious sanction, the loss of which the State would be the first to feel and regret, should the bond be severed. England, then, is the only nation that has reconciled through compromise the spiritual ideas of Theocracy with the dominant forms of the _State_. But the English Church, headed by the English king, was soon faced by Puritanism; and of this phase Disraeli, through his father’s history, was a deep student.