In the primitive language (of Europe) the monosyllable _tar_, _ter_, _tor_ or _tro_, for it appeared under these forms, signified _force_. It was composed of _t_ and _ar_ or _d'ar_, _roughness_, _rapidity_. Hence _tar_ expressed the idea of force, with the collateral ideas of violence, rigor, grandeur, &c. From _tar_ are derived, _taurus_, a bull; _torrent_, _target_, _trunk_, _truncare_, to cut off; _terror_, _trepan_, _tare_, _detriment_, _trancher_, to cut; _retrench_; _tardus_, _tardy_, _retard_, _tergum_, because things heavy, that require force, were carried upon the back; _intrigue_, for it implies difficulties; _trop_, too much, _troop_, _ter_, _trois_, which originally signified a multitude; for many savage nations have names only for the three first numbers; _tierce_, _tres_, very; _tresses_, a braid or plait of hair in three divisions; _triangle_, _tribunal_, _tribe_, _attribute_, _contribute_, &c. _trident_, _trillion_, _trio_, _trinity_, _entre_, _enter_, taken from a relation of three objects, _one_ between _two_, makes a _third_; hence _internal_, _external_, _travers_, across; _tradition_, passing from one to another; _traffic_, _trahir_, to draw; _traitor_, _trepidation_, _intrepid_. From _tra_, between, and _es_, it is, came the Celtic, _treh_, a narrow pass, a _strait_, _strict_, Fr. _etroit_, _astringent_, _detroit_, strait; _distress_, _strength_. The compounds are numerous. _Intrinsic_, _entrails_, _introduce_, _extraneous_, _extravagant_, _transcendent_, _transfer_, _transform_, _transgress_, _transact_, _translate_, _transmit_, _transmigrate_, _transmutation_, &c. _Paltroon_ is from _pollex_, a _thumb_, and _truncare_, to cut off; for cowards use to cut their thumbs to avoid service. +TEM+. _Tem_ signified river, water. Hence _tempero_ in Latin signified to _plunge into water_. We to this day say to _temper iron or steel_. _To temper_, is to moderate. From this root come _temperance_, _temperature_, and a numerous catalogue of other words. The river Thames derives its name from the same root. +VA+, _to go_, _radical_. From _va_, the Celtic root, we find a multitude of branches in Greek, Latin, English and French. It is an _onomatope_, a word borrowed from the sound of our feet in walking. Its derivatives are, _wade_, _evade_, _evasion_, _invade_, _invasion_, _venio_, Lat. and _venir_, Fr. to come; _venia_ and _venial_,[140] _adventure_, _avenue_, _convenio_, _convenience_, _convention_, _covenant_ perhaps, _contravene_, _intervene_, _invent_, _prevent_, _province_,[141] _advance_, _via_, _way_, _voyage_, _convoy_, _convey_, _obviate_, _vex_, _invective_, _vein_, a way for the blood; _voiture_, Fr. for a load to carry; _evitare_, Lat. to shun; _inevitable_. To these derivatives, I will just add a comparative view of the verbs _have_ and _be_ in several languages. +HAVE+. _English._ _Latin._ _French._ _Germ._ _Spanish._ _Portuguese._