I have habeo ai[142] habe he éy Thou hast habes as hast as has He has habet a hat as ha We have habemus avons haben avemos hamos, avemos You have habetis avez habet aveis éys, evéys They have habent ont haben an ham _The Substantive Verb_ +BE+. _English._ _Latin._ _French._ _Germ._ _Spanish._ _Portuguese._ I am, be sum suis bin estoy & soy sou, estou Thou art, beest es es bist estas, eres es, estas He is, be est est est-es está, es he, esta We are, be sumus sommes sind estamos, somos somos, estamos You are, be estis êtes seyd estais, sois soys, estoys They are, be sunt sont sind estan, son sam, estam It is indisputable that _have_, in all these languages, is from the same root. But there seem to have been anciently two substantive verbs, or perhaps three, from which modern nations have borrowed; viz, the Greek ~einai~ or ~eimi~, or the Latin _esse_, from which most of the foregoing are derived; the Teutonic _beon_, whence the Germans have their _bin_ and _bist_, and the English their _be_ and _beest_; and an old Gothic or Teutonic word, _weorthan_, whence the Danes have derived their _voerer_, and the English and Germans their _were_ and _werden_. In the old English phrase, "woe _worth_ the day," we see the same verb. Having stated my reasons and authorities for believing all the European languages descended from one parent tongue, I will here subjoin the Lord's Prayer in several languages of Celtic and Gothic origin. The affinity between all the branches of the Gothic is very visible; the affinity likewise between all the branches of the Celtic is very obvious, except the ancient Irish. The Cantabrian and Lapland tongues have little resemblance to either of the stocks or their branches.