Diversions of a NaturalistLankester, E. Ray (Edwin Ray), Sir
History
Diversions of a Naturalist
Lankester, E. Ray (Edwin Ray), Sir
Natural history
The Great Grey Seal is a much bigger animal than the Common Seal, the
two species being the only seals which can be properly called "British"
at the present day, though occasionally the Harp Seal, or Greenland
Seal, and the Bladder-nosed Seal are seen in British waters, and may
emerge from those waters on to rocky shores or lonely sandbanks. The
Great Grey Seal is called "Halichœrus grypus" by zoologists, whilst
the Common Seal is known as "Phoca vitulina." The male of the former
species grows to be as much as 10 feet in length, whilst that of the
Common Seal rarely attains 5 feet. Both these seals breed on the
British coast. The Common Seal frequents the north circumpolar region,
being found on the northern coasts on both sides of the Atlantic,
and also on both sides of the Pacific, and even makes its way down
the coasts of France and Spain into the Mediterranean, where it is
rare. A few years ago one appeared on the beach at Brighton! It may
often be seen on the west coast of Scotland, of Ireland, Wales, and
Cornwall, where it breeds in caves. Its hairy coat is silky, and has a
yellowish-grey tint spotted with black and dark grey, most abundantly
on the back.
The Great Grey Seal does not occur in the Pacific, but is limited to
the northern shores on both sides of the Atlantic. Its coat is of a
more uniform greyish-brown colour than that of the Common Seal, and
when dried by exposure to the sun has a silvery-grey sheen. The Great
Grey Seal is a good deal rarer on our coasts than is the Common Seal.
It is now limited to the south, west, and north coasts of Ireland, to
the great islands on the West of Scotland, the Orkneys, the Shetlands,
and some spots on the east coast of Scotland. It is heard of as a rare
visitor to the Lincolnshire "Wash," the coasts of Norfolk, Cornwall,
and Wales. Some years ago (in 1883) I found a newly-born Grey Seal on
the shore of Pentargon Cove, near Boscastle, North Cornwall. It appears
that whilst (contrary to the statements of some writers) the Common
Seal produces its young most usually in caves or rock-shelters, the
Great Grey Seal chooses a remote sand island or deserted piece of open
shore for its nursery. The Common Seal gives birth to its young--a
single one or a pair--in June; the Great Grey Seal about the 1st of
September. While the young in both species is clothed when born in a
coat of long yellowish-white hair, this coat is shed in the case of
the Common Seal within twenty-four hours of birth, exposing the short
hair, forming a smooth, silky coat, as in the adult, and the young
at once takes to the water and swims. On the other hand, the long
yellowish-white coat of hair persists in the young of the Great Grey
Seal for six or seven weeks, during which time it remains on shore, and
refuses to enter the water. It is visited at sundown by the mother for
the purpose of suckling it. According to Mr. Lyell, this renders the
young of the Great Grey Seal peculiarly liable to attack by reckless
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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